PSIONWPDATAFILEźźźźźźźźźźźźźźźźźź !:Š/ą=  €% 2ŠŠ’’šššM:\WDR\PSIPRINT.WDRPGTGrundtext ššš Š p@ ą°€PZAZAČš Š p@ ą°€NNNormal ’’UUUnterstrichen ’’FFFett ’’KKKursiv ’’HHHochgestet ’’TTTiefgeste ’’gVienna from A to Z (Shortcut) Part 2Published by the Vienna Tourist BoardK„rntner Strasse, 1st districtK„rntner Strasse street begins at Stock im Eisen near St. Stephen's Cathedral, passes the State Opera House at the Ring and ends on Karlsplatz. Since 1974, most of the street has been a pedestrian mall. It is the main thoroughfare of the Old Quarter and one of the most elegant shopping streets in the city. It is named after Carinthia (K„rnten), an Austrian state in the south of the country. There are fewer old buildings on K„rntner Strasse than on the side streets crossing it because it was widened during the latter part of the 19th century. The oldest remaining building is at No. 41, the Esterh zy Palace (dating from mid-17th century), which now houses the Vienna gambling casino. At No. 26, the glass and crystal house of J. & L. Lobmeyr, founded in 1823, has set up a remarkable glass museum on the second floor of the store. Near the corner of Philharmonikerstrasse, behind the State Opera House, is the venerable Hotel Sacher with a small store which sells and ships the world-famous Original Sacher-Torte, a superb chocolate cake. Next door, at No. 38, is the Tourist Information Office of the Vienna Tourist Board. To separate pedestrian and vehicular traffic at the very busy intersection of K„rntner Strasse and the Ring, Vienna's first underground pedestrian mall, known as Opernpassage, was created in 1955. An extension of the mall toward Karlsplatz provides access to the Karlsplatz subway junction.Lainz Game Preserve = Lainzer Tiergarten, 13th district, HermesstrasseThis section of the Vienna Woods became one of the hunting preserves of the imperial court in 1557. In 1772, Maria Theresa ordered the construction of a 15-mile wall to enclose the park; the work was carried out after 1782. In 1919, the 9.7 square mile park was opened to the public, the city of Vienna acquired it in 1937, and in 1941 it was turned into a protected nature park. Wild boar, elk and deer roam the area freely; other rare mountain animals are kept in enclosures. There are 50 miles of walking paths, several restaurants, playgrounds and rest areas. Between the Lainz Gate on Hermesstrasse and Hermes Villa, signs along the path inform walkers about the flora, fauna and ecology of these woodlands; on Kaltbrndl Hill (1,666 ft.), an observation platform affords a grand view over Vienna and the Vienna Woods. The entire park is open to the public free of charge from mid-February to mid-November, the section around Hermes Villa year-round. Cars, bicycles and dogs are not permitted inside the park.Museum of Fine Arts, Museum of Natural History = Kunsthistorisches Museum, Naturhistorisches Museum1st district, Burgring 5 and 7Vienna's two great museums were built by Gottfried Semper and Karl von Hasenauer as repositories for the vast collections then owned by the imperial family: the Museum of Fine Arts (Kunsthistorisches Museum) from 1872 to 1891 and the Museum of Natural History (Naturhistorisches Museum) from 1872 to 1881. With a few minor exceptions, Semper created the exteriors, von Hasenauer the interiors. The interior decoration was done by the leading artists of the era and features paintings by Makart, Munkaczy, Gustav and Ernst Klimt and others. Between the two museums stands the monument to Empress Maria Theresa, completed in 1887: the empress is surrounded in proper hierarchical formation by her advisers and generals as well as other eminent contemporaries (among others Gluck and Haydn, with Mozart as a child). Karl von Hasenauer designed the monument, the figures and reliefs were executed by Kaspar Zumbusch. The Museum of Fine Arts ranks among the richest and most important art collections in the world. The showpiece of the Egyptian-Oriental Collection is the complete and intact cult chamber of Prince Kaninisut. One of the outstanding items in the Classical Antiquity Collection is the Gemma Augustea, a magnificent work of ancient hieroglyphic art. The Sculpture and Applied Arts Collection prides itself on the famous golden salt cellar by Benvenuto Cellini. The unique Gallery of Paintings consists mainly of the collections accumulated by two art-loving members of the Habsburg family, Emperor Rudolph II in Prague and Archduke Leopold Wilhelm in Brussels, combined here and complemented by many other significant works of art; at the core of the museum's collection are paintings by Rubens, Rembrandt, Drer, Raphael, Titian and Velazquez, as well as the most comprehensive collection of Brueghel's paintings in the world. Further collections: Numismatic Collection on the 3rd floor (2. Stock); Imperial Palace / Secular and Ecclesiastical Treasuries, New Palace, Imperial Palace/New Palace: Collection of Arms, Collection of Historcal Musical Instruments, Ephesus Museum, Harrach Palace: special exhibitions. The collections in the Museum of Natural History began with the private acquisitions of Francis Stephen of Lorraine (1708_1765), Maria Theresa's husband. Some of them, such as the collection of meteorites with well over 1,000 items, the paleontological collection with more than three million fossils and the entomological collection with more than six million insects, rank among the largest in the world. Skeletons of pre-historic animals and various fossils, the 25,000-year-old figurine of the Venus of Willendorf, a 260-pound giant topaz and Maria Theresa's bouquet of precious stones are some of the most remarkable pieces on display here. Museum of Military History = Heeresgeschichtliches Museum , 3rd district, ArsenalstrasseSeemingly romantic in its architectural appearance but designed as a fortress, the Arsenal (Armory) was built immediately after the revolution of 1848, from 1849 to 1856. It represents a cooperative effort of a number of the leading architects of the period: Ludwig F”rster, Theophil Hansen, Eduard van der Nll, Karl R”sner and August Sicardsburg. In the center of this sprawling complex is the Museum of Military History, designed by Hansen and F”rster. The collections give a thorough and detailed overview of the development of Austrian military life since the beginning of the 17th century. Outstanding exhibits include the automobile in which Archduke Francis Ferdinand rode and the uniform he wore when he was assassinated at Sarajevo in June of 1914 (the event touched off World War I) and an excellent display dealing with the Austro-Hungarian navy.Austrian National Library = ™sterreichische Nationalbibliothek, 1st district, Josefsplatz 1Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach executed a design by his father Johann Bernhard in the construction of the Court Library from 1723 to 1726. The Grand Hall with frescoes by Daniel Gran is the most spectacular of the many rooms; it can be visited only during designated hours. Frescoes by Johann Bergl decorate the historical Reading Room. On the top floor, the National Library's Museum of Globes is accessible to the public. The Large and Small Ballrooms, where the court held its masquerades, dances and other entertainment, adjoin the Court Library wing; their architect was reputed to be J. N. Jadot de Ville-Issey. The entrance to the new reading room and to the catalog section is on Heldenplatz, behind the monument to Prince Eugene of Savoy. Franz Anton Zauner sculpted the monument to Emperor Joseph II between 1795 and 1807. The reliefs on the pedestal show the advancement of agriculture and commerce by the emperor.Parliament = Parlament, 1st district, Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring 3Theophil Hansen created the Parliament building, constructed from 1873 to 1883 in the style of the Greek Revival. He also created the Pallas Athena Fountain in front of it; this 15-foot figure of the Greek goddess of wisdom is by Karl Kundmann. Until 1918, the elected representatives serving in the Council of the Empire met here in legislative session for the Austrian half of the dual Austro-Hungarian Monarchy which extended from Galicia (now Polish and Ukrainian territory) all the way to Dalmatia (the Adriatic coast of modern-day Croatia). In modern Austria, this is the seat of both the National Council, the lower house of Austria's bicameral parliament whose representatives are elected by popular vote, and the Federal Council, whose members are chosen by the various states to serve in the upper house. To the left of Parliament is the Monument of the Republic, with statues of the prominent Social Democrats Jakob Reumann (mayor of Vienna from 1919 to 1923), Victor Adler (one of the ideological fathers of the Austrian republic and its foreign minister in 1918) and Ferdinand Hanusch (minister of social affairs from 1918 to 1920). To the right of Parliament is the Renner Memorial, dedicated to Dr. Karl Renner, Austria's chancellor at the establishment of the republic in 1918 and at its re-establishment in 1945 and president from 1945 to 1950.Plague Column = Pests„ule, 1st district, GrabenDuring the plague epidemic of 1679, Emperor Leopold I vowed to erect a memorial after the scourge subsided. In the same year, a temporary wooden column was erected. The work on the new stone-carved Trinity Column, consecrated in 1693, was done by a number of the leading artists of the time, among them the young Fischer von Erlach, L. O. Burnacini and Paul Strudel. This beautiful work became an example for many other such columns in Austria.Prater, PratersternThe woodlands along the banks of the Danube River were documented as early as the Middle Ages. After 1560, Emperor Maximilian II set up a game preserve in the Prater for the exclusive benefit of the imperial court. By decree of Emperor Joseph II, the Prater was opened to the general public in 1766. After that date, a number of amusement arcades and restaurants sprang up in the park, predominantly in the section close to Praterstern, giving rise to the Wurstelprater amusement park. The landmark of the Prater is the 220-foot tall Giant Ferris Wheel (Riesenrad) built in 1897. Next to the wheel is the terminal of the Lilliputian Railroad (Liliputbahn), a 2.6-mile amusement park line on a gauge of 15 inches, providing transportation to the Trade Fair Grounds (Messegel„nde), the Stadium, and the Prater Museum, which contains mementos of old-style entertainment. In addition to traditional amusements, such as tunnels of love, merry-go-rounds, shooting arcades, and so on, there are modern rides _ roller coasters, bumper cars, go-carts and others _ and all kinds of arcade games from pinball machines on up. Numerous food stalls and restaurants complete the picture. In the sprawling park landscape of woods, meadows and ponds to the southeast of the amusement park, there are major facilities for sports and recreation, such as the Krieau harness racing track, the velodrome named for Austrian cyclist Ferry Dusika; the Ernst Happel Stadium (named for a soccer star), a soccer and track-and-field facility completed in 1931, with the spectator area covered by a roof in 1986; the Stadionbad public swimming pools; the Freudenau race track and golf course; various horseback riding clubs and the Lusthaus.Ring Boulevard = Ringstrasse, 1st district, Stubenring / Parkring / Schubertring / K„rntner Ring / Opernring / Burgring / Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring / Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Ring / SchottenringIn 1857, Emperor Francis Joseph (ruled 1848_1916) ordered the demolition of the city walls which had outlived their usefulness as military fortifications and were hemming in the growing city. In the area where the walls and the glacis (a defensive area outside the city walls) had been, the Ring Boulevard was laid out between 1858 and 1865, a 2.5-mile-long, 187-foot-wide thoroughfare befitting the capital of an empire of 50 million people (at the time, the United States had a population of about 32 million), with walkways, riding paths and a roadway separated by four lines of trees. In the following decades, an array of lavish public and private buildings were built along the Ring, representing a cross-section of architectural styles through the ages. On a walk from Stubenring to Schottenring (the Ring actually has nine different street addresses), you see the following buildings and points of interest: Post Office Savings Bank, former Ministry of War (ehemaliges k. u. k. Kriegsministerium) with the equestrian Statue of Marshal Radetzky in front, Museum of Applied Arts, monument to former mayor Dr. Karl Lueger, Stadtpark, Johann Strauss monument, Schwarzenbergplatz (Schwarzenberg Palace), State Opera House, monuments to Goethe and Schiller, Burggarten, Imperial Palace, Museum of Fine Arts and Museum of Natural History, monument to Maria Theresa, Heldenplatz and the Palace Gates, Volksgarten, Epstein Palace, Monument of the Republic, Parliament, City Hall, Burgtheater, University, M”lker Bastei Beethoven / Pasqualati House, Liebenberg Monument, Votive Church, Stock Exchange (B”rse), Deutschmeister Monument, Ring Tower (Ringturm).St. Stephen's Cathedral = Stephansdom, 1st district, StephansplatzThe oldest remaining parts of Saint Stephen's, the Giant Gate (Riesentor) and the Towers of the Heathens (Heidentrme) are in Romanesque in style and date from the 13th century. Duke Rudolph IV of Habsburg ordered the complete restructuring of the church in Gothic style (this and the establishment of the University earned him the sobriquet the Founder) and, in 1359, laid the cornerstone of the nave with its two aisles. The South Tower (Sdturm), 448 feet high, was completed in 1433 (the Viennese have given it the nickname Steffl, which also denotes the whole cathedral). In 1469, Emperor Frederick III, who was later buried in the cathedral, persuaded the Pope to make Vienna, until then under the spiritual guidance of Passau, an independent diocese. After 1511, building of the North Tower (Nordturm), 224 feet high, ceased; the unfinished Gothic tower was capped with a makeshift Renaissance spire from 1556 to 1578. During the 17th and 18th century, the cathedral was decorated with Baroque altarpieces _ the panel of the main altar shows the stoning of its namesake St. Stephen, the first martyr of Christendom. In the final days of World War II, the church was virtually gutted by fire. The people of Vienna and all of the Austrian states contributed to the reconstruction, and the cathedral was reopened in 1948. St. Stephen's Cathedral, Austria's most eminent Gothic edifice, houses a wealth of art treasures, some of which can only be seen during a guided tour: the red-marble sepulcher of Emperor Frederick III, sculpted from 1467 to 1513 by Niclas Gerhaert van Leyden; the pulpit, a work from 1514-15 by Anton Pilgram (who put his own relief portrait underneath it as his signature); the Altarpiece of Wiener Neustadt (Wiener Neust„dter Altar), a Gothic winged altar from 1447 _ and the tomb of Prince Eugene of Savoy, dating from 1754. In the North Tower, Austria's largest bell, known as the Boomer Bell (Pummerin), has found its home (there is an express elevator to the observation platform _ skip this great view if you are araid of heights!): the forerunner of this giant bell was cast from the material of the Turkish guns left behind in the retreat ending the siege of 1683 and was suspended in the South Tower; in the fire of 1945, it fell and shattered; the new bell, with a diameter of more than 10 feet and a weight of more than 47,000 pounds, is only rung on very special occasions, such as to mark midnight on New Year's Eve. Next to the North Tower elevator is the entrance to the catacombs underneath the cathedral, an underground burial place which contains the mausoleum of the bishops, the tombs of Duke Rudolph the Founder and 14 other members of the Habsburg family, and 56 urns with the intestines of the Habsburgs which died between 1564 and 1878. Imperial Burial Vault. In the South Tower, the 343 steps of a tight spiral staircase lead up to the watchman's lookout 246 feet above street level; it was once used as a fire warden's station but now serves as an observation point.Sch”nbrunn Palace = Schloss Sch”nbrunn, 13th district, Sch”nbrunner Schloss-StrasseIn 1559, Emperor Maximilian II purchased a mansion on the outskirts of the city, situated in a popular imperial game preserve in order to have an elaborate hunting lodge built. After the destruction of the hunting lodge by the Turks in 1683, J. B. Fischer von Erlach, by order of Emperor Leopold I, designed a grand new building on the hill where the Gloriette now stands. This plan, however, was abandoned as too costly. By 1713, a simplified version was essentially completed on the current site. Nikolaus Pacassi, from 1744 to 1749, created the present exterior during an adaptation commissioned by Empress Maria Theresa, who lived here with her husband, Emperor Francis I, and their 16 children. During his campaigns against Austria in 1805 and in 1809, Napoleon, Emperor of France, set up his quarters in Sch”nbrunn while his troops occupied Vienna. Napoleon's son from his marriage to Archduchess Maria Louise of Austria, the Duke of Reichstadt, died here in 1832 at the age of 21 (he was also known as King of Rome, Napoleon II and l'aiglon, the eaglet). Sch”nbrunn Palace was generally used as the summer residence of the Habsburgs. For the time, it was a fair distance away from the city out in the woods and meadows; in the winters, the imperial family stayed at the Imperial Palace (Hofburg). Only Emperor Francis Joseph (ruled 1848_1916), who was born here in 1830, and liked to live the same Spartan life he imposed on the soldiers of his army, spent the last years of his life entirely at Sch”nbrunn. In 1918, the palace became the property of the new republic. Owing to its historical importance, its beautiful location, its magnificent architecture and the splendid layout of its gardens, this palace is among the very top sights in Vienna. The rooms, shown to the public on guided tours, are mostly decorated in Rococo style. Most of the walls and ceilings are covered with white-lacquered surfaces with ornamentation covered with gold leaf. Bohemian crystal chandeliers and white porcelain tile stoves are also part of the harmonous design. The living quarters and offices used by Emperor Francis Joseph are simple and very unpretentious; by contrast, the state rooms and guestrooms are much more lavish. The Room of Millions, paneled with rosewood and decorated from floor to ceiling with priceless Indian and Persian miniatures, is probably the most magnificent Rococo room anywhere in the world. Many important events in history have taken place in the rooms of Sch”nbrunn Palace. In 1772, six-year-old child prodigy Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart gave a concert in the Hall of Mirrors. In the Round Chinese Room, Maria Theresa held secret conferences with her Chancellor, Prince Kaunitz. Napoleon met with his generals in the Vieux Laque Room. In the Blue Chinese Salon, Emperor Charles I signed his abdication of the crown in 1918, marking the end of 640 years of Habsburg dominion in Austria and the demise of the monarchy. The Congress of Vienna danced in the Grand Gallery in 1814-15; today, the Austrian government gives state receptions there when important heads of state come to Austria for official visits. The Imperial Coach Collection (Wagenburg) in one of the secondary wings of the palace contains about 60 historical coaches, carriages, sleighs and sedan chairs from the years between 1690 and 1917, plus ceremonial harnesses, riding outfits, saddle blankets, coachmen's liveries and paintings of horses and coaches. The centerpiece of the collection is the gilded and lavishly decorated 8,800-pound Imperial Coach, which was drawn by eight horses in coronation parades. The gardens of Sch”nbrunn Palace, with their spectacular, ever-changing designs of seasonal flowers, stretches between the front of the palace and the Neptune Fountain. Behind the fountain rises the hill bearing Gloriette on its crest, a graceful structure of arches built to commemorate the victory in the battle of Kolin (1757) over Frederick II of Prussia. Since 1995, the Gloriette, as in the times of Maria Theresa, is protected from the elements by glass windows. It now contains a caf‚, wich is open to the public all year round. The Baroque Palace Theater of Sch”nbrunn was restored in 1979-80; it offers performances each summer. There is a very interesting palm house (Palmenhaus), a very decorative steel-and-glass structure from 1883, the Butterfly House (Schmetterlinghaus), featuring tropical butterflies and the Zoo (Tiergarten).Franz Schubert's Birthplace = Schuberts Geburtshaus, 9th district, Nussdorfer Strasse 54Franz Schubert was born in this 18th-century house on January 31, 1797 and spent the first years of his life here. This typically Viennese building contains an open wooden staircase in its inner courtyard, leading to Schubert's apartment. The building contains the Schubert Museum, a branch of the Historical Museum of the City of Vienna.Franz Schubert's Last Residence = Schuberts Sterbehaus, 4th district, Kettenbrckengasse 6This building contains Franz Schubert's last residence. The room in which he died on November 19, 1828 has been turned into a memorial.Secession, 1st district, Friedrichstrasse 12In 1897 a number of artists broke their ties with Knstlerhaus, the association and gallery of Vienna's art establishment which they considered intolerably conservative, seceded and formed a new art association with the name of Secession and the motto, "To the Age, its Art. To Art, its Freedom." In 1898, Joseph Maria Olbrich, a student of Otto Wagner, erected an Art Nouveau gallery building for the new association. In 1985-86, the cupola of the Secession was gilded anew and the Secession was renovated and adapted under the guidance of Adolf Krischanitz. The 112-foot Beethoven Frieze, a virtuoso pictorial interpretation of the 9th Symphony, created by Gustav Klimt for the Beethoven Exhibition of 1902, is on permanent display in a new room on the basement level. State Opera House = Staatsoper, 1st district, Opernring 2August von Sicardsburg and Eduard van der Nll built the Court Opera House from 1863 to 1869. The initial reception of their architectural concept was so negative that van der Nll took his own life; Sicardsburg also died two months later. After its near-total destruction at the end of World War II in 1945, the state opera was rebuilt according to original plans and re-opened in 1955. The Vienna State Opera, with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra in the pit, is ranked as one of the leading opera houses of the world. A listing of some of its directors is dazzling: Gustav Mahler (1897_1907), Richard Strauss (1919_1924), Clemens Krauss (1929_1934), Karl B”hm (1954_1956), Herbert von Karajan (1956_1964), Lorin Maazel (1982_1984) and Claudio Abbado (1986_1991). The regular opera season begins September 1 and runs through almost 300 performances virtually every night through June 30. Tickets for opera performances should be ordered in advance as early as possible to assure seats on any given evening. The box office of the State Opera and other federal theaters (Bundestheaterkassen) is located in the next block (entrance from Albertinaplatz, Hanuschgasse 3). On a certain Thursday night every February, the stage, the orchestra pit and the main-floor seating are transformed into a huge dance floor, flowers cascade from the boxes, more than 100 debutantes in long white gowns with their escorts, in white tie and tails, go through the well-rehearsed moves of the opening polonaise; the president of Austria inaugurates the event, and the first public dance is always a left-hand waltz: it is, of course, Vienna's celebrated Opera Ball (Opernball), the high point of Europe's ball season. U-BahnThe Viennese subway system (U-Bahn) at present consists of five lines spanning 56 kilometers and containing 79 stations. Part of it runs along the lines of the Viennese Stadtbahn which was built before 1900 ( Wagner-Stadtbahn-Pavillons). The lines U1 (1969_1982) and U3 (started in 1983, projected to be finished by 2000), running straight through the center of the city, and the outer branches of the U6 to Siebenhirten (1991_1995) and Floridsdorf (1991_1996) were newly built; the U2 line was used by Viennese tramways until 1980. With Vienna's subway, one may reach, among others St. Stephens' and the Inner City (U1, U3: Stephansplatz); Sch”nbrunn Palace (U4: Sch”nbrunn); the Imperial Palace (U3: Herrengasse; U2, U3: Volkstheater); the Museum of Fine Arts (U2: Babenbergerstraįe; U3: Volkstheater); the State Opera House, the National Library, St. Charles Borromeo, Secession (U1, U2, U4: Karlsplatz); Stadtpark, Johann-Strauss-monument (U4: Stadtpark); Danube Island, Copa Cagrana (U1: Donauinsel); Prater and Giant Ferris wheel (U1: Praterstern). University = Universit„t, 1st district, Dr.-Karl-Lueger-RingThe University of Vienna is the oldest in what is now German-speaking Europe, and, after Prague and Cracow, the third-oldest university in central Europe. Duke Rudolph IV, the Founder, established it in 1365. Heinrich von Ferstel designed the present main building in a style influenced by the Italian Renaissance; it was constructed between 1873 and 1884. Under the arcades of the main courtyard, one can find monuments to many outstanding s„cientists and teachers, among them the bust of Maria Theresa's personal physician Gerhard van der Swieten (1769, by Franz Xaver Messerschmidt), the statue of the surgeon Theodor Billroth (1894, by Kaspar Zumbusch) as well as monuments to Anton Bruckner, Sigmund Freud (1955, by P. K”nigsberger) and Karl Landsteiner.Zoo = Tiergarten Sch”nbrunn, 13th district, Sch”nbrunner Schlosspark (near the Hietzinger Tor entrance)Emperor Francis I, Maria Teresa's husband, commissioned the world's oldest zoo in 1752 as an entertaining and educational menagerie for the court. Quite a few of the Baroque buildings still exist, but the animals are now accommodated in up-to-date enclosures which correspond better to their natural habitats. The zoo contains specimens of thousands of species, from domestic animals to exotic rarities. In the historical center of the circular layout is the Imperial Breakfast Pavilion (1759). zZANN%ZANNZANN&ZANNZANNZANN“ZANNZANNGZANNųZANNZANNdZANNZANNZANN×ZANNZANNYZANN[ZANNZANN\ZANN”ZANNZANN=ZANNRZANNZANN0ZANN½ZANNZANNZANNµZANNZANNµZANNˆZANNZANNCZANNZANNĪZANNZANNUZANNZANNZANN_ZANNZANNYZANNTZANNZANN[ZANNˆZANNZANN-ZANNZANNZANN:ZANN„ZANNZANNZANN,ZANNZANN=ZANNłZANNZANNhZANNļZANN