PSIONWPDATAFILEęęęęęęęęęęęęęęęęęę !:Đ/ŕ=  €% 2ĐĐ˙˙đđđM:\WDR\PSIPRINT.WDRPGTGrundtext đđđ Đ p@ ŕ°€PZAZAČđ Đ p@ ŕ°€NNNormal ˙˙UUUnterstrichen ˙˙FFFett ˙˙KKKursiv ˙˙HHHochgestet ˙˙TTTiefgeste ˙˙ggVienna from A to Z (Shortcut) Part 1Published by the Vienna Tourist BoardAlbertina Collection of Graphic Arts, 1st district, Augustinerstrasse 1The Albertina building dates from 1781; from 1801 to 1804, expansion work was done based on plans by Louis de Montoyer, incorporating parts of the adjacent monastery of the Augustinian Friars. Following severe damage suffered during World War II, the structure was restored in 1945. The Albertina Collection of Graphic Arts is named for its founder, Duke Albert of Saxony-Teschen, the husband of Maria Theresa's favorite daughter. With about 50,000 drawings and close to 1 million prints, it is one of the world's most impressive collections of graphic arts; the collection contains priceless works by Drer, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, Rubens, Rembrandt, Goya, Munch, Klimt, Schiele and many other artists, representing the evolution of graphic arts from the 15th century to the present day. The building also houses the Austrian Film Museum (no items on display, showings of films of historical or artistic significance). On the large outside walkway, one can see the monument to Field Marshal Archduke Albrecht, the victorious general in the battle of Custozza (1866), created by Kaspar Zumbusch 1898-99.Beethoven Memorials and ResidencesLudwig van Beethoven (1770_1827) moved to Vienna permanently in 1792. There are so many houses in Vienna in which, at one time or another, Beethoven had been a tenant, because he changed his residences in the city very often and liked to spend the summer months in Heiligenstadt or D”bling. Both outside the city walls in the countryside at the time of Beethoven, are now parts of Vienna's 19th district. Memorial rooms have been established at M”lker Bastei, D”blinger Hauptstrasse and Probusgasse.Belvedere Palace, Austrian Gallery (™sterreichische Galerie)Prince Eugene of Savoy (1663_1736), the most brilliant military mind of his age and Commander in Chief of the Imperial Army in the war against the Turks (his equestrian statue can be found on Heldenplatz), commissioned Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt to design and build this garden palace as a summer residence outside the walls of the city. After Eugene's death, the palace, one of the most exquisite Baroque structures in the world, was acquired by the Habsburg family. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was the residence of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, who was assassinated at Sarajevo in 1914. When the palace became the property of the Republic of Austria, a majority of the rooms were adapted to house the Austrian Gallery. Upper Belvedere = Oberes Belvedere, 3rd district, Prinz-Eugen-Strasse 27This architectural marvel, built in 1721-22, represents the ultimate achievement of Hildebrandt's creativity. Prince Eugene never lived in the Upper Belvedere but used the palace for aristocratic galas and festivities. The Center Hall on the 2nd floor, decorated lavishly with red marble, was the scene of the signing of the Austrian State Treaty by the foreign ministers of Austria, France, Great Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States on May 15, 1955, ending the ten-year occupation of Austria by the four Allied powers after World War II, and re-establishing Austria as a free and independent country. In the Upper Belvedere, the Austrian Gallery of the 19th and 20th Centuries shows a marvelous collection of Austrian as well as international art from the last two centuries: the largest collection of works by Klimt, Schiele and Kokoschka, prominent works of the French impressionists, and the most important paintings of the Biedermeier era with works by Waldmller, Amerling, and Fendi. It also contains major paintings by Romako, Makart, Boeckl, Wotruba, Hausner, Lehmden, Hundertwasser and many others. The famous composer Anton Bruckner lived in the caretaker's wing for a number of years and died there in 1896 (memorial plaque). Branches of the Austrian Gallery: Ambrosi Museum, Secession / Beethoven FriezeLower Belvedere = Unteres Belvedere, 3rd district, Rennweg 6Prince Eugene lived in this part of the palace, which was built from 1714 to 1716. Martino Altomonte created the ceiling fresco depicting the apotheosis (deification) of the prince. The Baroque Museum contains the world's most comprehensive collection of works by Maulbertsch, Messerschmidt and Donner (among them, the original statues from the Donner Fountain on Neuer Markt). The Museum of Medieval Austrian Art in the Orangery of the Lower Belvedere features Romanesque and Gothic wood sculptures and altar panels, among them works by Pacher and Frueauf. Alpine Garden, Botanical GardensBurgtheater, 1st district, Dr.-Karl-Lueger-RingThe theater was built from 1874 to 1888 according to designs by Gottfried Semper and Karl von Hasenauer and rebuilt from 1948 to 1955 after severe damage at the end of World War II. Ever since 1776, when Emperor Joseph II founded the Court and National Theater, the institution preceding the present-day Burgtheater, this theater, with its distinguished company, has held a leading position in the dramatic arts of the German-speaking countries. TheaterCemetery of St. Mark, Friedhof St. Marx, 3rd district, Leberstrasse 6_8This cemetery, laid out in the 18th century, has preserved the appearance of the Biedermeier age and conveys a romantic mood. In 1791, W. A. Mozart was buried here in the Masonic style of the era in a grave without any markers; the tombstone dates from a later period. The cemetery was in use from 1784 to 1874 and has been preserved as a memorial.Church of St. Charles Borromeo = Karlskirche, 4th district, KarlsplatzVienna's most significant example of ecclesiastical Baroque architecture, was built in fulfillment of a vow by Emperor Charles VI during a plague epidemic in Vienna in 1713. It was designed and constructed by J. B. Fischer von Erlach from 1716 to 1723 and completed by his son Joseph Emanuel from 1723 to 1739. Johann Michael Rottmayr painted the interior frescoes between 1725 and 1730. A number of important masters of the Baroque, such as Johann Michael Rottmayr, Daniel Gran and Martino Altomonte, contributed to the interior decoration. The mighty dome of the church, 236 feet high, is a dominant element of Vienna's skyline. The area in front of the church was redesigned during construction of Vienna's subway junction Karlsplatz and completed in the mid-1970s. A Henry Moore sculpture graces the reflecting pool. To the left of the church you find the Historical Museum of the City of Vienna.City Hall = Rathaus, 1st district, RathausplatzFriedrich von Schmidt, who had been the architect of the Cathedral of Cologne, designed and built Vienna's City Hall, the most important secular building in the neo-Gothic style in the city, between 1872 and 1883. The tower measures 321 feet, not including the "Iron Knight of City Hall" (Eiserner Rathausmann) who measures almost 20 feet to the top of his pennant. This knight on top of the tower has become one of the symbols of Vienna. The City Hall is the seat of the mayor and governor of Vienna (with Vienna being both a city and a state since 1922, these functions are combined in one person), of the City Council and of the Assembly; it also houses the Municipal and State Libraries and Archives which hold many key documents of Vienna's history and a large collection of local memorabilia. On both sides of the approach from the Ring (closed to motor vehicles), statues honor personalities who left their mark on the history of the city. The Park of City Hall (Rathauspark) is a very attractively laid-out garden with two fountains and several interesting monuments, among them the memorial to the painter F. G. Waldmller and the statues of two great composers of waltzes, Johann Strauss Father and Joseph Lanner. Facing the Burgtheater across the Ring are monuments to President Theodor K”rner (1873_1957) and Mayor Karl Seitz (1869_1950). Off the spacious Arkadenhof (Arcade Courtyard) and also accessible from the back of the complex is the Stadtinformation (City Information Office), which is not a tourist information center but a referral office for citizens and a source of information and statistics, on the city, its administration, its operations and its public services. This is also the starting point for guided tours through City Hall.Coffeehouses = Kaffeeh„userAn old tale, though historically incorrect, often repeated in Vienna, has it that one Georg Kolschitzky, a bold messenger during the second Turkish siege of 1683, found coffee beans left behind by the Turks and used them to open Vienna's first coffeehouse. The international reputation of Vienna's coffeehouses, often called caf‚s, was established around 1900, when they became the preferred meeting places of literati, artists and journalists, of philosophers, political activists and businessmen, of middle-class society as a whole. The great variety of different kinds of coffee also goes back to this time, a tradition which is kept up by better caf‚s to this day. Caf‚ Hawelka (1st district, Dorotheergasse 6) is the epitome of the artists' hangout, with the original paintings by some now-famous fantastic realists. Caf‚ Landtmann next to the Burgtheater, Caf‚ Schwarzenberg on the Ring side of Schwarzenbergplatz and Caf‚ Prckel on the corner of the Ring and Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Platz, across the street from the Museum of Applied Arts, carry on the tradition of the grand old caf‚ on the Ring. Caf‚ Central Ferstel Palace. Caf‚ Sperl (6th district, Gumpendorfer Strasse/Leh rgasse), restored to its old glory in the mid-1980s, is a haven for billiards players. And Caf‚ Dommayer (13th district, Auhofstrasse 12) near the Hietzing Gate of the Sch”nbrunn Palace grounds is typical of the cozy caf‚s of the outer districts. It should be noted that almost all of Vienna's coffeehouses serve modest hot and cold meals. Demel's on Kohlmarkt, very close to the Imperial Palace, is popular and famous; it is, however, not a true coffeehouse but a fine example of a somewhat different establishment, the Caf‚-Konditorei, a combination of pastry shop and caf‚ with emphasis on pastries rather than coffee specialties. As the former "Imperial-Royal Court Pastry Makers," Demel's upholds a proud tradition.DanubeUntil 1870, the river immortalized in The Blue Danube Waltz ( Johann Strauss's Residence) spread over a large area at the edge of the city with numerous tributaries, backwaters, islands and sandbars, including a small branch which touched on the Old Quarter (today known as Danube Canal). The more people settled in the villages outside the walls and the suburbs, the more serious became the recurrent severe floods of the river. To avert this threat, the Danube in the area of Vienna was regulated from 1870 to 1875. A new, almost straight channel was dug by the steam shovels that had been used to build the Suez Canal, turning what was until then the main channel into the Old Danube (nowadays a recreation area with beaches, boat rentals, sailing schools, and so on). Many branches were filled in and the land was used for development; others became lakes and nature preserves (such as Lobau and Prater). The re-channeling of the river did not entirely control the flooding problem; therefore, another project was undertaken between 1972 and 1987: a flood control channel of more than 13 miles, the New Danube, was dug out of the old area along the levees on the left bank and the island between the two channels was raised to a flood-proof level with the fill from the new channel. This island is now Vienna's largest recreation center with beaches, swimming areas, cycling paths, charcoal grills, boat rentals, playgrounds, sports facilities, and so on ( Copa Cagrana). River navigation on the Danube is operated from the Schwedenbrcke landing on the Danube Canal in the first district (local sightseeing excursions) and the Reichsbrcke landing in the second district (travel to other parts of Austria and international cruises). Danube Park and Danube Tower = Donaupark, Donauturm, 22nd district, Wagramer Strasse / Arbeiterstrandbadstrasse / DonauturmstrasseThis large park was once a garbage dump. For the Vienna International Horticultural Exposition of 1964, it was graded, landscaped and planted; the Danube Tower, several halls and a restaurant were built; and walking and cycling paths, ponds, and playgrounds were laid out. The Danube Tower measures 827 feet; two express elevators carry passengers in 45 seconds to the observation platform 558 feet above the ground. Above the platform are a caf‚ and a restaurant, both revolving. The platform, the caf‚ and the restaurant provide a fine view of the Danube River, the city and the Vienna Woods. Near Wagramer Strasse, the Vienna International Centre (UNO-City) was inaugurated in 1979; the Austria Center Vienna, Austria's largest convention hall, in 1987.Giant Ferris Wheel = Riesenrad, 2nd district, PraterIn 1896-97, the English engineering firm of Walter Basset built the Giant Ferris Wheel, which has become one of the most recognizable symbols of Vienna (other ferris wheels they had built in Chicago, London, Blackpool and Paris have long since been scrapped). In the final days of World War II, all the gondolas were destroyed by bombs and fire; operation was resumed in 1947 with half the former number of gondolas. The wheel, with its 15 gondolas, turns at a rate of two and a half feet per second and offers a magnificent panoramic view of the city; the diameter of the Giant Ferris Wheel is 200 feet. It has achieved immortality in the Graham Greene/Carol Reed film The Third Man, starring Orson Welles and Joseph Cotton. Haydn's Residence = Haydn-Gedenkst„tte, 6th district, Haydngasse 19The composer Joseph Haydn, born in 1732 in Rohrau in Lower Austria, was a choirboy in St. Stephen's Cathedral, later principal conductor of Prince Esterh zy and, above all, a composer renowned throughout Europe. One of his works, created in 1796-97, is well-known even to non-music lovers: the melody of the former Austrian national anthem, dedicated to Emperor Francis, which, since 1922, has been the melody of the Deutschlandlied, the German national anthem. Haydn bought this house in 1793 between two journeys to England, had the second floor added on and lived in it from 1797 until his death in 1809. His two oratorios, The Creation and The Seasons, were composed here. The house has been turned into a museum (a branch of the Historical Museum of the City of Vienna). It also contains a memorial room to Johannes Brahms.Heldenplatz and the Palace Gates = Heldenplatz, BurgtorIn this area, there was once a heavily fortified section of the city walls of Vienna, protecting the older parts of the Imperial Palace. Outside the walls in the present location of Heldenplatz, the Ring and the two large museums ( Museum of Fine Arts and Museum of Natural History), a glacis was maintained, open meadows without any cover for approaching enemies who were then within unobstructed firing range from the walls and bastions. When Napoleon occupied Vienna in 1809, he ordered the razing of the old Palace Bastion. The outer Palace Gates were built from 1821 to 1824 and converted to Austria's Monument of the Unknown Soldier, a World War I memorial, in 1933-34. Anton Fernkorn was the sculptor of the two equestrian statues, one commemorating Archduke Charles who, in 1809, defeated Napoleon in the battle of Aspern, thus shattering the myth of invincibility the French Emperor had cultivated (monument completed in 1859); the other dedicated to Prince Eugene of Savoy, the great military commander whose major victories between 1697 and 1717 played a decisive role in driving the Turks from central Europe once and for all (monument completed in 1865). While Hitler held a well-orchestrated triumphal rally on Heldenplatz on March 15, 1938, following the forcible annexation of Austria into the German Reich, Austrian opponents of the Nazis were being rounded up and loaded on trains destined for German concentration camps. A metal cross next to the outer Palace Gates commemorates the visit to Vienna by Pope John Paul II in 1983. Standing on Heldenplatz with your back to the Imperial Palace, you have a sweeping panoramic view which encompasses, from left to right, the Museums of Fine Arts and Natural History, Palais Epstein Parliament, City Hall, Volksgarten, Burgtheater and the Chancellor's Office. Hermes Villa, 13th district, Lainz Game Preserve (Lainzer Tiergarten; access from Hermesstrasse)This small mansion was built between 1882 and 1886 for Empress Elisabeth (1837_1898), Emperor Francis Joseph's wife. The name is derived from a marble statue of Hermes on the garden level. After 1945, the building decayed considerably, but in the 1970s it was completely restored and faithfully rebuilt in the original style. The Historical Museum of the City of Vienna uses the Hermes Villa for special exhibitions. Since 1981, the villa's stables have been used as summer quarters for Lipizzan stallions from the Spanish Riding School. HeurigerHeuriger is a uniquely Viennese institution. The term refers both to this year's wine (or, more precisely, to wine from the last vintage) and to the vintners' taverns which dispense this wine. Old privileges, renewed by Emperor Joseph II in 1784 and incorporated into the laws of modern Vienna, grant Vienna's vintners the right to serve the wine they have cultivated and processed themselves in their own taverns. A bunch of pine twigs or a small pine wreath on the front of the house indicates that the tavern is open. The Schrammel musicians in the taverns derive their name from the brothers Johann and Josef Schrammel, famous about 100 years ago as collectors of old Viennese folk songs, composers of new ones and great performers of both; their original quartet (two violins, a guitar and a clarinet) has been reduced to a duo of guitar and accordion. Many local connoisseurs prefer their Heurigen without music. Vienna's Heurigen areas dot the edge of the city. These outlying districts have largely retained their village atmosphere and character although they have, administratively, long been within the city limits. Grinzing is internationally famous, but the pine boughs are also hung out at Sievering, Neustift am Wald, Salmannsdorf, Heiligenstadt, Nussdorf, Kahlenbergerdorf, Stammersdorf, Strebersdorf, Gross-Jedlersdorf, Hernals, Ottakring, Mauer and Oberlaa.Imperial Burial Vault, Church of the Capuchin Friars = Kaisergruft, Kapuzinerkirche, 1st district, Neuer Markt The Imperial Burial Vault lies below the Capuchin Church, which was built between 1622 and 1632. The fa‡ade was restored in 1935-36, following old illustrations. With one exception, only members of the ruling dynasty of Austria, the House of Habsburg, have been buried here since 1633. The glorious double casket of Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, sculpted by B. F. Moll, is of particular artistic merit. The simple coffin of their son, Joseph II, on the other hand, presents a stark contrast. Francis Joseph, in 1916, was the last emperor entombed here. In 1989, a solemn funeral was held for Empress Zita, the widow of Emperor Charles I, who had reigned from 1916 to 1918. To this day, the Capuchin friars are the guardians and caretakers of the vault. According to tradition, from 1654 to 1878, the hearts of the Habsburgs were entombed in a special vault in the Church of the Augustinian Friars.Imperial Palace = Hofburg, 1st district, Michaelerplatz/Josefsplatz/Heldenplatz/BallhausplatzThe Imperial Palace was the residence of the Habsburg emperors until 1918. Originally a medieval castle, of which only the chapel has survived to this day, the residence of the court was expanded and made ever more lavish as the power of the Habsburgs grew and the territory of their dominions increased. The Palace Stables and Amalia's Wing were added in the 16th century, Leopold's Wing in the 17th century and the Imperial Chancery Wing, the Court Library and the Spanish Winter Riding School in the 18th century, giving Josefsplatz its present appearance; the monument to Emperor Joseph II (1780_1790), imitating the statue of Marcus Aurelius in Rome, was unveiled in 1807. In the 19th century, on the plot on which the old Court Theater had stood (along with other areas), the vast complex was harmonically completed on its northeast end on Michaelerplatz by the addition of St. Michael's Wing. In the last building period, about 1900, the New Palace was created; it is one part of a grand design that envisioned another mirror-image wing symmetrically arranged on the other side of Heldenplatz and archways to tie in the two great museums to form a magnificent Imperial Forum _ alas, the empire ended before these plans could be carried out. Today, the Imperial Palace houses the offices of the Austrian president, an international convention center, several museums and state rooms which are open to the public, the chapel where the Vienna Boys' Choir sings mass on Sundays and religious holidays, the hall in which the Lipizzan stallions of the Spanish Riding School perform, and various official and private apartments.Swiss Courtyard = SchweizerhofThis oldest part of the Imperial Palace was first documented in 1279. Around this courtyard, there was a square structure, a fortified castle with corner towers and a moat (vestiges of the latter can be seen in front of the Swiss Gate, built 1552-53 in the Renaissance style). From the courtyard, you enter the Treasuries and the Chapel of the Imperial Palace. Both the courtyard and the gate get their names from the bodyguard of Swiss mercenaries who used to guard this innermost area; Swiss guards were held in high esteem by many medieval sovereigns; the Popes have retained theirs to this day.Secular and Ecclesiastical Treasuries = Weltliche und Geistliche SchatzkammerIn this, the most important treasury in the world, the most magnificent individual treasures are the imperial crown of the Holy Roman Empire (crafted around 962), the crown of the Austrian Empire (1602, before 1804 merely the family crown of the Habsburgs), the Burgundian treasure (15th century) and the treasure of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Among the heirlooms of the Habsburg family (which cannot be sold), the most unusual pieces may well be a 4th-century agate bowl and the 96-inch horn of the unicorn, both of which have remained in the treasury for more than 500 years. Imperial Chancery Wing = ReichskanzleitraktCommissioned by Emperor Charles VI, Maria Theresa's father, this wing was begun in 1723 by Lukas von Hildebrandt and completed between 1726 and 1730 by another great architect of the Baroque period, Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach. The most important apartments can be visited in the course of a tour of the state rooms. The statues by Lorenzo Mattielli represent the labors of Hercules. The monument to Emperor Francis (Francis II as the last emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and then Francis I as first sovereign of the new Austrian Empire proclaimed in 1804; he reigned from 1792 to 1835) in the spacious courtyard (called In der Burg) was erected between 1842 and 1846.State Rooms of the Imperial Palace = Kaiserappartements In the Imperial Chancery Wing, the following rooms are accessible to the public as part of a tour of the imperial apartments: the apartments for officers on duty with the imperial staff; the great audience hall with a painting by the Biedermeier master Peter Krafft; the conference room in which the council of ministers and the crown council met; and the private rooms of Emperor Francis Joseph (ruled 1848_1916). In Amalia's Wing, the private apartments of Empress Elisabeth, Francis Joseph's wife, the apartments of Alexander (Czar Alexander the First lived there during the Congress of Vienna) and the dining room of the imperial family form part of the tour. The rich decoration of the rooms with stucco work in the Rococo style, the valuable 17th- and 18th-century tapestries from Brussels, the chandeliers made of Bohemian crystal and the stoves with porcelain tiles are some of the particularly remarkable features. The 19th-century furniture is done in the style of Louis XV and the Empire. The state rooms may be reached from the square in the Imperial Palace called In der Burg.Court Tableware and Silver Depot = Hofsilber- und TafelkammerEntrance at the square in the Imperial Palace called In der BurgThe table decorations, centerpieces, trays, serving bowls, serving pieces, place settings, silverware and other utensils on display here are proof of the great extent to which a meal at the imperial court was an affair of state, an occasion of splendor and pomp. Some of the most spectacular items are the Milan centerpiece, about 98 feet long; china from the Far East, SŠvres and Vienna; plates painted with elaborate panoramic views; glazed earthenware in the faience manner; goldsmiths' work, such as pitchers and bowls used by Emperor Francis Joseph for the ceremonies on Maundy Thursday, the Thursday before Easter; and the largest showpiece of a dinner set, vermeil table settings for 140 people.New Palace = Neue BurgThe most recent and, at the same time, most monumental section of the Imperial Palace is the New Palace, built from 1881 to 1913 as part of the design of an Imperial Forum which was doomed to remain incomplete when the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy disintegrated. The New Palace now houses the Ethnological Museum (entrance near Burgring), branches of the Museum of Fine Arts: the Ephesus Museum displaying art from classical antiquity in Asia Minor, the Collection of Arms which ranks as the second-largest in the world and the Collection of Historical Musical Instruments. The entrance to these branches of the Museum of Fine Arts and to the new reading rooms of the National Library is located behind the monument to Prince Eugene of Savoy on Heldenplatz.Palace Stables = StallburgThis wing was built before 1558 in the Renaissance style as a court building for Archduke Maximilian, remodeled in 1565 and later converted into stables and an art gallery. The building houses the stables for the Lipizzan stallions of the Spanish Riding School, which are not open to the public, and the Lipizzaner Museum.Continued with Vienna A-Z Part 2: File Vienna2.wrd ÎZANN%ZANNZANN&ZANNZANNHZANNbZANNZANN#ZANNôZANNZANN=ZANNŕZANNIZANN3ZANN=ZANNRZANNZANN0ZANNÇZANNZANNHZANN]ZANNZANNGZANN†ZANNZANN0ZANNáZANNZANNZANNmZANNZANNZANNËZANNZANNƒZANNöZANNZANN5ZANN×ZANNZANNDZANN?ZANNZANN8ZANN*ZANNZANNbZANNZANNZANN ZANN`ZANNZANNpZANN—ZANNZANN^ZANN^ZANNZANNWZANNNZANNHZANN,ZANN¤ZANN9ZANNBZANN>ZANNBZANNżZANNZANN÷ZANNZANNDZANNZANNZANN3ZANN