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Morse Code«A .-   	J .---	S ... B -...	K -.-	T - C -.-.	L .-..	U ..- D -..	M --	V...- E .		N -.	W .-- F ..-.	O ---	X -..- G --.	P .--.	Y -.-- H ....	Q --.-	Z --.. I ..		R.-.S1 .----	6 -... 2 ..---	7 --... 3 ...--	8 ---.. 4 ....-	9 ----. 5 .....	0 -----Ñ Phonetic alphabet¾ Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliet, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whisky, X-ray, Yankee, ZulukWind Chill FactorsÿTemperature (øc) v Wind Speed (mph) 		-10		-5			0		5		10		15		200		12.78		15.13		17.48	19.83	22.18	24.54	26.891		3.12		6.60		10.07	13.55	17.02	20.49	23.975		-7.31		-2.63		2.06	6.75	11.44	16.12	20.8110		-14.05	-8.58		-3.11	2.36	7.83	13.30	18.7815		-1W8.59	-12.59	-6.59	-0.59	5.41	11.40	17.4020		-21.99	-15.60	-9.20	-2.81	3.59	9.98	16.38„1 P :`‚.ÆAr ¶3ÐÐ     ÿÿ    ð       ð            ð       p ROM::HPDJ500.WDR € %P   °  ÿÿ	@C:N:   Á
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                            áBeaufort scale'Force	Mean	Description		Wave		Max. wave		speed						height	height		(knots)					(metres)	(metres)0		0-1	Calm				0			01		1-3	Light air			0			02		4-6	Light breeze		0.1		0.33		7-10	Gentle breeze		0.4		1 4		11-16	Moderate breeze	1			1.55		17-21	Fresh breeze		2			2.56		22-27	Strong breeze		3			47		28-33	Near gale			5.5		7.58		34-40	Gale				6			8.59		41-47	Severe gale		7			1010		48-55	Storm				9			12.5 11		56-63	Violent storm		11			1612		64+	Hurricane		14ÅPressure tendencyDescription			Pressure tendency#Steady				Change < 0.1mb in 3 hoursRising slowly6(falling slowly)		Change 0.1 to 1.5 mb in last 3 hoursRising1(falling)				Change 1.6 to 3.5 mb in last 3 hoursRising quicly5(falling quickly)		Change 3.6 to 6 mb in last 3 hoursRising (falling)7very rapidly			Change of more than 6 mb in last 3 hoursnow falling6(now rising)			Change from rising to falling (and vice 						versa) within last 3 hours« Pressure system speedDescription			SpeedSlowly				Up to 15 knotsSteadily				15-25 knotsRather quickly		25-35 knotsRapidly				35-45 knotsVery rapidly			over 45 knotsn
Visibility
Sea areas: Description	Extent of visibility!Good			More than 5 nautical milesModerate		2 to 5 nautical miles&Poor			1000 metres to 2 nautical milesFog			less than 1000 metresLand areas:Fog			200 to 1000 metresThick fog		Less than 200 metresDense fog		Less than 50 metresCoastal reports: Mist or haze	1000 to 2000 metresFog			Less than 1000 metres…!Sequence of weather at cold front.Element		In warm sector	At passage	In the rear6Barometer	Falls near front	Sudden rise	Continuing rise5Wind			Backing,squally	Sudden veer	Steady, decreasing4Temperature	Little change		Sudden fall	Little change4Cloud			St,Sc then Cu,Cb	Cu, Cb, Fs,Fc	As,Ac then Cu*Precipitation	Drizzle			Heavy rain	Showers1Visibility		Moderate, poor	Poor			Improving, goodx!Sequence of weather at warm front1Element		On approaching	At passage	In warm sector2Barometer	Steady fall		Stops falling	Little change3Wind			Increases, backs	Veers			Steady in direction2Temperature	Steady, slow rise	Rise			Little change,Cloud			Ci,Cs then As,Ns	Low Ns, Fs	St or Sc0Precipitation	Rain increasing	Rain stops	Drizzle+Visibility		Good				Poor			Moderate or poorÙDaytime recognition of vesselsSignal								Meaning.Cone, apex down					Sailing vessel under powerOne ball							Vessel at anchor7Two balls (one over the other)	Vessel not under command-Three balls (in vertical line)	Vessel agroundABall,diamond,ball in vertical	Vessel restricted in its ability toline								manoevre>As above, with 2 balls on one	Vessels to pass on the side with(side and 2 diamonds the other	2 diamonds6International code flag A		Vessel in diving operations8Three balls in a cross				Vessel engaged in minesweeping-One diamond						Vessel towing or being towed-Cylinder							Vessel constrained by  draught(Two cones, apex together		Vessel fishing:Single cone with fishing vessel	Outlying gear > 150 metres8About YachtingYachting is freeware.ZSome entries taken from the Trivia database. Most entries by Chris Walker  A disclaimer·The compiler accepts no responsibility for any harm or damage done to anything or anybody as a result of using information presented in this database, nor do I guarantee its accuracy.Sound signalsSignal								Meaning(One long blast					Warning 'Here I come'0One short blast					Altering course to starboard,Two short blasts					Altering course to port1Three short blasts				Operating astern propulsion/Five short blasts					What are your intentions?>Two long blasts and one short	I wish to pass on your starboardblast								side>Two long blasts and two short	I wish to pass on your port sideblasts1One long, one short, one long,		Yes, you may passone short blast%Five short blasts					No, do not pass
 	VHF Radio‡Sea Areas		Approximate locationÿBailey 		60øN 12ø30'WBiscay 		Cromarty 		57ø30'N 2øWDogger 		55øN 2øWDover 			51øN 2øWFaeroes 		62øN 7ø30'WFair Isle 		60øN 3øWFastnet 		52øN 8øWFinisterre 	45øN 10øWFisher 		57øN 7øEForties 		57ø30'N 2øEForth 			57øN 2øWGerman Bight 55øN 7øEeHebrides 		58øN 7ø30'WHumber  		53øN 2øEIrish Sea 		53øN 5øWLundy 		51øN 5øWMalin  		56øN 7ø30'WRN Utsire 		60øN 5øEPlymouth 		49øN 5øWPortland 		50øN 3øWRockall 		56øN 12ø30'WASE Iceland	63øN 12ø30'WShannon 		52øN 12ø30' WSole 			49øN 10øW+S Utsire 		58ø30'N 5øEThames 		52øN 2ø30'E?Trafalgar		Tyne 			55øN 1øWViking 		60øN 2øEWight			50øN 1øWÃFog SignalsSignal								Meaning:One long blast every 2 minutes	Powered vessel underway and									making way:Two long blasts every 2 mins.	Powered vessel underway, but									not making way9One long blast and two short		Vessels restricted in their<blasts every two minutes		ability to manoevre (e.g. sailing,!									fishing, towing vessels)-One long blast and three			Last vessel in towshort blasts every 2 mins.		+4 short blasts (as necessary)		Pilot vessel.Rapid ringing of a bell every	Vessel at anchor:minute (and sounding of gong)	(for vessels over 100metres)/3 rings of a bell, rapid ringing	Vessel aground;of a bell, 3 rings of a bell			(for vessels over 100metres)(and sounding of a gong)±!Night time recognition of vesselsSignal light						Meaning&Single green						Starboard side light Single red							Port side light1Red next to green					Vessel approaching head on.*Red over red						Vessel not under command9Three red in vertical line		Vessel constrained by draught>Red,white,red in vertical line	Vessel restricted in ability to									manoevre4Single white light				Stern light, vessel at anchor,9Two white next to each other,	Vessel at anchor (length of)but one higher than the other	vessel>50m).Lights for vessel at anchor and	Vessel agroundred over red!Red over white					Fishing vesselGreen over white				TrawlerWhite over red					Pilot vessel!Red over green					Sailing vessel$Three green in a cross			Minesweeper!White over white				Vessel towing=Three white in vertical line		Vessel towing (tow length>200m)+Flashing yellow					Non-displacement vessel>2 alternately flashing yellow	Fishing vessel with purse seine.†Safety equipment neededBailing and Bilge PumpingBHand bailers, Buckets with strong handles and lanyard, Bilge pumps Detection eqipmentFRadar reflector, Navigation lights, Foghorn, Powerful waterproof torch Fire fighting eqipmenttFire blanket, 2 fire extinguishers (1.5kg) Dry powder or (1.5kg) BCF or eqivalent, automatic extinguisher for engine Personal safety equipment3Life jacket, Buoyancy aid, safety harness, liferaft Man Overboard equipmentDDan buoy, Life belt with drogue, self igniting light, boarding light General equipmenthTender, various warps for towing and mooring, emergency water supply, large fenders, Large first aid kitClouds%Name				Symbol	Height (km)	Appearance%Cirrus			 Ci			5.5-14		Wispy, fibrous2Cirrocumulus		 Cc		5.5-14		thin, granular, rippled&Cirrostratus		 Cs			5.5-14		milky veil Altocumulus		Ac			2-7			globular(Altostratus		As			2-7			grey/blue layers,Stratocumulus	 Sc			<2				grey/white patches*Nimbostratus		Ns			<2				dark grey layered&Stratus			St			<2				fog like/ layered"Cumulus			Cu			0-14			white heaped*Cumulonimbus	Cb			0-14			white/black anvil'Fractostratus	Fs			<2				Broken stratus(Fractocumuus	Fc			0-14+			Broken cumulus0TidesMHWS = Mean High Water SpringsMHWN = Mean High Water NeapsMLWS = Mean Low Water SpringsMLWN = Mean Low Water Neaps&Chart Datum = Lowest astronomical tide0Charted depth = Depth of water below chart datum2Charted height (e.g. of tower) = Height above MHWS-Depth of water = Charted depth+Height of tide+Range=Difference between high and low waterRule of twelvths:0Hour after high water			Change in height of tide%									(as a fraction of the range)		1									1/12		2									2/12		3									3/12		4									3/12		5									2/12		6									1/12öCoastal weather stationsName					LocationAberdeen				E coast of Scotland'Bell rock  				E of Dundee (in the sea)Benbecula Auto		Outer Hebrides/Blackpool				W coast of England, N of LiverpoolBoulmer				Northumberland Bridlington			E coast of EnglandButt of Lewis  		HebridesChannel L.V. Auto  	Corsewall Point		Near StranraerDover  Dowsing  Jersey KilloughLands End  			Tip of Cornwall#Larne  				West of Northern IrelandLerwick 				ShetlandFLeuchars				Near DundeeMalin Head  			Most northerly point of IrelandMumbles 				Near SwanseaOrlock Head  ƒPrestwick 			North of AyrRonaldsway 			Isle of ManRoyal Sovereign 		South of BexhillScilly 					Isles of Scilley, SW of CornwallSmiths Toll Auto  Spurn Head			Near Hull#St Abbs Head  		NE coast of England!St Catherines Point	Isle of Wight\Stornoway			Hebrides Sumburgh  			ShetlandTiree  					S HebridesValentia 				W of Ireland1Valley  				Holyhead ?Varne  				English Channel!Walton on the Naze	Coast of EssexWick					N coast of Scotland-Heavy weather check listBelow:All gear securely stowed, easyto cook or pre-prepared food in accessible lockers, storm sails ready, Navigation pre-planned as much as possibleOn deck:9All gear secured,Reefing - lines rigged, Jackstays riggedPeople:1Warm and waterproof, get as much rest as possibleÀRules of the road+Opposite tacks: Port gives way to starboard%Same tack: Boat to windward gives way-If in doubt, close hauled port-tack gives wayTOvertaking: Any vessel POWER or SAIL has to give way when overtaking another vessel.;Vessels approaching head on: Both vessels turn to starboardIIf another vessel is crossing your path from right to left, you give way.RIf another vessel is crossing your path from left to right, you have right of way.£$Buoyage (Lateral buoyage not for US)Buoy				Markings						Lights'Port hand (when	Red							Red, flashing	arriving)*Starboard hand	Green							Green, flashing (when leaving).North Cardinal	Black over yellow,			Continuous"					cones pointing up				flashing<East Cardinal		Black,yellow,black, cones	3 flashes, then gap					pointing away=South Cardinal	Yellow over black, cones		6 flashes, then long%					pointing down				flash, then gap<West cardinal	Yellow,black,yellow, cones	9 flashes, then gap					pointing together3Safe water mark	Vertical red and white		Isophase or#					stripes						 occ.. long flash3Isolated danger	Black,red,black with 2		Gp. Fl. (2)mark				balls¸ Knot tying (marlinspike)Anchor bendBowlineClove hitch
Cleat knotFigure of eight knotRound turn and two half hitches	Reef knotRolling hitchRunning bowline
SheepshankSquare knotYPassage planning'APEE = Assess, Prepare, Execute, EscapeALength of Passage, Approximate speed, general direction of course?Dangers on leaving: Tides+gates, shipping, lights+buoyage, crew=preparedness+safety, victuals, fuel, shipping lanes, weather,)courses+depths, pilot book, first aid kit<Dangers on passage: Sea conditions, weather change, ports of;refuge, lights, tides, shipping, crew conditions+strengths,>navigation (good fixes), watch keeping, sun and moon set/rise.BDangers on arrival: Right place?, tides, lights, shipping, harbour:controls, weather, depth, pilot book, pilotage, brief crewMBeaufort weather notation)Weather			Beaufort letter	Plotting symbolRain						r					.Drizzle					d					,Snow						s					*%Shower					p					Triangle (apex down)"Hail						h					Triangle (apex up)Thunderstorm			th					R (ish)Squall					q					Mist						m					=!Fog						f					Three horiz. lines#Haze						z					Horiz. 8 (infinity)6Light RythmsClassification		AbbreviationFixed							FFlashing						FlGroup flashing				Fl(3) Composite group flashing	Fl(2+1)Long flashing					LFlQuick							QGroup quick					Q(3)Very quick					VQInterrupted very quick		IVQIsophase						IsoGroup occulting				Oc(3)!Composite group occulting	Oc(2+1)@Light Rythms&Classification		Abbreviation			Pattern#Fixed							F				------------------,Flashing						Fl				  -                    -4Group flashing				Fl(3)			  - - -              - - ->Composite group flashing	Fl(2+1)		  - -   -            - -   -0Long flashing					LFl			  --                  --4Quick							Q				. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Group quick					Q(3)			  . . .                 . . .7Very quick					VQ			...................................Interrupted very quick		IVQ			Isophase						Iso			Group occulting				Oc(3)			#Composite group occulting	Oc(2+1)		eLight Rythms&Classification		Abbreviation			Pattern#Fixed							F				------------------,Flashing						Fl				  -                    -4Group flashing				Fl(3)			  - - -              - - ->Composite group flashing	Fl(2+1)		  - -   -            - -   -0Long flashing					LFl			  --                  --4Quick							Q				. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Group quick					Q(3)			  . . .                 . . .8Very quick					VQ			....................................BInterrupted very quick		IVQ			..     .................     .......Isophase						Iso			Group occulting				Oc(3)			#Composite group occulting	Oc(2+1)		ËLight Rythms&Classification		Abbreviation			Pattern#Fixed							F				------------------,Flashing						Fl				  -                    -4Group flashing				Fl(3)			  - - -              - - ->Composite group flashing	Fl(2+1)		  - -   -            - -   -0Long flashing					LFl			  --                  --4Quick							Q				. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Group quick					Q(3)			  . . .                 . . .8Very quick					VQ			....................................BInterrupted very quick		IVQ			..     .................     .......'Isophase						Iso			-----         -----(Occulting						Oc				-- ---------- -----0Group occulting				Oc(3)			-- - - ------- - - --8Composite group occulting	Oc(2+1)		-- - -- ------ - -- -TidesMHWS = Mean High Water SpringsMHWN = Mean High Water NeapsMLWS = Mean Low Water SpringsMLWN = Mean Low Water NeapsdEquinoctial springs = Spring tides with unusually large range occurinng at the time of the equinoxes&Chart Datum = Lowest astronomical tide<Charted depth (sounding)  = Depth of water below chart datum2Charted height (e.g. of tower) = Height above MHWS8Elevation = Height at which a light is shown above MHWS.:Rise of tide = Height of sea level above nearest low water-Depth of water = Charted depth+Height of tide+Range=Difference between high and low waterRule of twelvths:0Hour after high water			Change in height of tide%									(as a fraction of the range)		1									1/12		2									2/12		3									3/12		4									3/12		5									2/12		6									1/12òTraffic control signalsLights						Meaning53 flashing red				Serious emergency. All vessels stop)3 fixed reds					Vessels must not proceed8As above +  yellow			Except vessels outside main channel43 fixed green					Vessels may proceed, 1 way traffic<3 fixed green over white		Vessels may proceed, 2 way traffic:Green over white over green  Vessels may proceed only with'								specific instructions to do so.6As above with yellow		Exempts craft which can navigate 								outside the main channelv
Morse CodeLetter	Morse
A		 .-   		B 		-...		C 		-.-.	D 		-..	E 		.			F 		..-.	G 		--.		H 		....	I 		..			J 		.---	K 		-.-		L 		.-..	M 		--	N 		-.	O 		---		P 		.--.		Q 		--.-	R		.-.TS 		... T 		- U 		..- V		...- W 		.-- X 		-..- Y 		-.-- Z 		--.. 1 		.----	
2 		..---	
3 		...--	
4 		....-	
5 		.....	46 		-... 7 		--... 8 		---.. 9 		----. 0 		-----&"Morse Code + Single letter signals!Letter	Morse	Single letter signal<A		 .-   	I have a diver down, keep well clear at slow speed5B 		-...		I am exchanging or carrying dangerous goodsC 		-.-.		Affirmative<D 		-..		Keep clear of me. I am manoeuvering with difficulty+E 		.		I am altering my course to starboard,F 		..-.		I am disabled; communicate with me/G 		--.		I require a pilot or I am hauling nets!H 		....		I have a pilot on board'I 		..		I am altering my course to port:J 		.---	I am on fire and have dangerous cargo. Keep clear'K 		-.-		I wish to communicate with you/L 		.-..		You should stop your vessel instantly.M 		--		My vessel is stopped and making no wayN 		-.		No or negativeO 		---		Man overboard=P 		.--.		All persons to report on board or my nets are stuck:Q 		--.-	My vessel is healthy and I request free practique R		.-.	No single letter meaningÿS 		... 		I am operating astern propulsionT 		- 		Keep clear. I am engaged in pair trawlingU 		..- 		You are running into dangerV		...- 		I require assistanceW 		.-- 		I require medical assistanceX 		-..- 	Stop your intentions and watch my signalsY \		-.-- 	I am dragging my anchorZ 		--.. 	I require a tug or I am shooting nets1 		.----	
2 		..---	
3 		...--	
4 		....-	
5 		.....	46 		-... 7 		--... 8 		---.. 9 		----. 0 		-----ŒMetFAX MarineItem									Tel. number'24 hr shipping forecast				0336 400 441'Guide to surface charts				0336 400 446Surface chart						0336 400 444&Surface forecast chart				0336 400 445)Chart of UK weather reports		0336 400 447.Index to chart of weather reports	0336 400 450(3-5 day inshore forecast				0336 400 498)Guide to satellite images				0336 400 498!Satellite image						0336 400 499YCoastguard stationsCoastguard	(STD)	Phone		FAXFalmouth		01326 317575	318342Brixham		01803 882704	882780Portland		01305 760439	760452Solent			01705 552100	551763Dover			01304 210008	2022137Thames		01255 675518YarmouthHumber	Tyne TeesForthAberdeenShetlandPentland	StornowayObanClyde	LiverpoolHolyheadMilford HavenSwanseaBelfastŸCoastguard stationsCoastguard	(STD)	Phone		FAXFalmouth		01326 317575	318342Brixham		01803 882704	882780Portland		01305 760439	760452Solent			01705 552100	551763Dover			01304 210008	2022137Thames		01255 675518	675249Yarmouth	01493 851338	852307Humber		01262 672317	606915Tyne Tees		0191 2572691	2580373ForthAberdeenShetlandPentland	StornowayObanClyde	LiverpoolHolyheadMilford HavenSwanseaBelfast%Coastguard stationsCoastguard		(STD)	Phone		FAXFalmouth			01326 317575	318342Brixham			01803 882704	882780Portland			01305 760439	760452Solent				01705 552100	551763Dover				01304 210008	2022137Thames			01255 675518	675249Yarmouth		01493 851338	852307Humber			01262 672317	606915 Tyne Tees			0191 2572691	2580373Forth				01333 450666	450725Aberdeen			01224 592334	575920Shetland			01595 692976	694810Pentland			01856 873268	874202Stornoway		01851 702013Oban					Clyde				Liverpool			Holyhead			Milford Haven	
Swansea			
Belfast			³Coastguard stationsCoastguard		(STD)	Phone		FAXFalmouth			01326 317575	318342Brixham			01803 882704	882780Portland			01305 760439	760452Solent				01705 552100	551763Dover				01304 210008	2022137Thames			01255 675518	675249Yarmouth		01493 851338	852307Humber			01262 672317	606915 Tyne Tees			0191 2572691	2580373Forth				01333 450666	450725Aberdeen			01224 592334	575920Shetland			01595 692976	694810Pentland			01856 873268	874202Stornoway		01851 702013	704387Oban				01631 563720	564917Clyde				01475 729988	786955!Liverpool			0151 931 3341	9313347Holyhead			01407 762051	764373!Milford Haven	01646 690909	692176Swansea			01792 366534	369005Belfast			01247 463933	465886EMetFAX MarineDial 0336 400 xxxItem									xxx24 hr shipping forecast				441Guide to surface charts				446Surface chart						444Surface forecast chart				445 Chart of UK weather reports		447%Index to chart of weather reports	4503-5 day inshore forecast				498 Guide to satellite images				498Satellite image						499EMetFAX MarineDial 0336 400 xxxItem									xxx24 hr shipping forecast				441Guide to surface charts				446Surface chart						444Surface forecast chart				445 Chart of UK weather reports		447%Index to chart of weather reports	4483-5 day inshore forecast				450 Guide to satellite images				498Satellite image						499’Safety equipment list!												     Coastal	OffshoreSafety:1Lifejackets, BS3595 or CE equiv. per person	1			11Harnesses, BS4224, or CE equiv. per person		1			1 Navigation:%Charts, almanac, pilot							Yes		Yes%Compass with deviation card					1			1 Hand bearing compass							1			1&Chart table instruments							Yes		YesWatch/clock										1			2Echo sounder										1			1Leadline											1			1&Radio direction finding set						1			1%Radio receiver (forecasts)						1			1Barometer										1			1!Navigation lights								Yes		YesRadar reflector									1			1Foghorn											1			1$Powerful waterproof torch						1			1$Anchor with warp or chain						2			2Towline											1			1 Man overboard:(Lifebuoy with drogue and light					2			2 Buoyant heaving line							1			1Dan buoy											-			1$Rope (or boarding) ladder						1			1 Fire:)Fire extinguishers (1.5kg) Dry powder or $(1.5kg) BCF or equivalent						2			3Fire blanket										1			1-Automatic extinguisher for engine				Yes		Yes Sinking:Bilge pumps										2			2!Buckets with lanyards							2			2"Leak stopping gear								Yes		Yes Distress signals:Hand flares, red									2			4&Hand flares, white (warning)					4			4!Red parachute rockets							2			4Hand smoke signals								2			-&Buoyant orange smoke signals					-			-%Emergency radio transmitter					-			1 Abandon ship:#Liferaft for whole crew							1			1or2Dinghy with buoyancy, or inflated inflatable	1			-&Panic bag, extra water etc.						-			1 Miscellaneous:First aid kit										1			1Engine tool kit									1			1,Name/number prominently displayed			Yes		YesStorm canvas										Yes		Yes+Emergency steering arrangements				Yes		YesˆPhonetic alphabet and FlagsQ Letter	Flag descriptionAlpha		Vert. stripes, white and blue with V cut in blue.Bravo		All red with V cut.6Charlie	Horiz. stripes - blue, white, red, white, blue0Delta		Horiz. stripes, yellow, wide blue, yellow#Echo		Horiz. stripes, blue over red)Foxtrot	White background with red diamond=Golf		Vert. stripes, yellow, blue, yellow, blue, yellow, blue!Hotel		Vert. stripes - white, red'India		Yellow background with black dot)Juliet		Horiz. stripes. blue, white, blue Kilo		Vert. stripes yellow, blueLima		Yellow + black squares/Mike		Blue background with white diagonal crossNovember	Blue + white chequered(Oscar		Red + Yellow separated diagonally1Papa		Blue background with white square in middleQuebec	All yellow'Romeo		Red background with yellow cross3Sierra		White background with blue square in middle'Tango		Vert. stripes - red, white, blueUniform	Red and white squares/Victor	White background with red diagonal cross7Whisky	Concentric squares, red, white, blue (outermost)'X-ray		White background with blue cross&Yankee	Yellow and red diagonal stripes.Zulu		Triangles of yellow, blue, red and black1234567890vPhonetic alphabet and FlagsQ Letter	Flag descriptionAlpha		Vert. stripes, white and blue with V cut in blue.Bravo		All red with V cut.6Charlie	Horiz. stripes - blue, white, red, white, blue0Delta		Horiz. stripes, yellow, wide blue, yellow#Echo		Horiz. stripes, blue over red)Foxtrot	White background with red diamond=Golf		Vert. stripes, yellow, blue, yellow, blue, yellow, blue!Hotel		Vert. stripes - white, red'India		Yellow background with black dot)Juliet		Horiz. stripes. blue, white, blue Kilo		Vert. stripes yellow, blueLima		Yellow + black squares/Mike		Blue background with white diagonal crossNovember	Blue + white chequered(Oscar		Red + Yellow separated diagonally1Papa		Blue background with white square in middleQuebec	All yellow'Romeo		Red background with yellow cross3Sierra		White background with blue square in middle'Tango		Vert. stripes - red, white, blueUniform	Red and white squares/Victor	White background with red diagonal cross7Whisky	Concentric squares, red, white, blue (outermost)'X-ray		White background with blue cross&Yankee	Yellow and red diagonal stripes.Zulu		Triangles of yellow, blue, red and black51 (Wun)	Pennant shape, white background with red spot02 (Too)	Pennant, blue background with white spot03 (Tree)	Pennant, vert. stripes, red, white blue24 (Fower)	Pennant, red background with white cross,5 (Five)	Pennant, Vert stripes, yellow, blue16 (Six)	Pennant, Horiz. stripes, black over white27 (Seven)	Pennant, Horiz. stripes, yellow over red08 (Ait)	Pennant, White background with red cross>9 (Niner)	Pennant, four quarters, white, black, red and yellow40 (Zero)	Pennant, Vert. stripes, yellow, red, yellowEAbout YachtingYachting is freeware.gBased on the 'Trivia' database. Most entries by Chris Walker (chris.walker@physics.org) A disclaimer·The compiler accepts no responsibility for any harm or damage done to anything or anybody as a result of using information presented in this database, nor do I guarantee its accuracy.VHF Radio distress signal:Check main battery switch ON-Switch set ON and turn power selector to high&Tune to VHF Ch 16 (or 2182 kHz for MF)AIf alarm signal generator fitted, operate for at least 30 seconds2Press transmit button and say slowly and distictly MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY*This is (name of boat, spoken three times)!MAYDAY (name of boat spoken once)XMY POSITION IS (latitude and longitude, or true bearing and distance from a known point)2Nature of distress (whether sinking, on fire etc.)Aid requiredNumber of persons aboardrAny other important, helpful information (e.g. if the yacht is drifting, whether distress rockets are being fired)OVERåSea Areas		Approximate locationÿBailey 		60øN 12ø30'WBiscay 		45øN 4øWCromarty 		57ø30'N 2øWDogger 		55øN 2øWDover 			51øN 2øWFaeroes 		62øN 7ø30'WFair Isle 		60øN 3øWFastnet 		52øN 8øWFinisterre 	45øN 10øWFisher 		57øN 7øEForties 		57ø30'N 2øEForth 			57øN 2øWGerman Bight 5m5øN 7øEHebrides 		58øN 7ø30'WHumber  		53øN 2øEIrish Sea 		53øN 5øWLundy 		51øN 5øWMalin  		56øN 7ø30'WN Gascogne	North part of BiscayRN Utsire 		60øN 5øEPlymouth 		49øN 5øWPortland 		50øN 3øWRockall 		56øN 12ø30'WSE Iceland	63øN 12ø30'W7S Gascogne	South part of BiscayShannon 		52øN 12ø30' W'Skagerak		58ø30'N 8øESole 			49øN 10øW+S Utsire 		58ø30'N 5øEThames 		52øN 2ø30'E?Trafalgar		Tyne 			55øN 1øWViking 		60øN 2øEWight			50øN 1øWbBeaufort weather notationWeather			Letter		SymbolRain					r			.Drizzle				d			,Snow					s			*"Shower				p			Triangle (apex down)Hail					h			Triangle (apex up)1Thunderstorm		th			R (ish) with arrow on tip of R/Squall				q			As for shower with V on top side.Mist					m			=Fog					f			Three horiz. lines,Haze					z			8 turned through 90ø (infinity)†
Navigation True Virgins Make Dull Company =)True Variation Magnetic Deviation Compass .Cadet = Add East in going from Compass to Truef Conversion factors	1 Cable =
1 Fathom =	1 Chain =1 Nautical Mile =!1 Knot = 1 nautical mile per hourîSea Areas		Approximate locationÿBailey 		60øN 12ø30'WBiscay 		45øN 4øWCromarty 		57ø30'N 2øWDogger 		55øN 2øWDover 			51øN 2øWFaeroes 		62øN 7ø30'WFair Isle 		60øN 3øWFastnet 		52øN 8øWFinisterre 	45øN 10øWFisher 		57øN 7øEForties 		57ø30'N 2øEForth 			57øN 2øWGerman Bight 5m5øN 7øEHebrides 		58øN 7ø30'WHumber  		53øN 2øEIrish Sea 		53øN 5øWLundy 		51øN 5øWMalin  		56øN 7ø30'WN Gascogne	North part of BiscayRN Utsire 		60øN 5øEPlymouth 		49øN 5øWPortland 		50øN 3øWRockall 		56øN 12ø30'WSE Iceland	63øN 12ø30'W7S Gascogne	South part of BiscayShannon 		52øN 12ø30' W'Skagerak		58ø30'N 8øESole 			49øN 10øW+S Utsire 		58ø30'N 5øEThames 		52øN 2ø30'EHTrafalgar		38øN 12øWTyne 			55øN 1øWViking 		60øN 2øEWight			50øN 1øWŒCoastal weather stationsName					Location$Bridlington (Br)		E coast of EnglandChannel  Auto  (C)	Dover  (D)				Fife Ness (F)			!Greenwich Lt V (G)	Jersey (J)			Lerwick (L)			Shetland0Malin Head (M) 		Most northerly point of IrelandNRonaldsway (R)		Isle of ManScilly auto (Sc)		Isles of Scilley, SW of CornwallNStornoway (St)		Hebrides Tiree  (T)				S HebridesValentia (Va)		W of IrelandÆCoastal weather stationsName					Location$Bridlington (Br)		E coast of England!Channel  Auto  (C)	49 54'N 2 29'WDover  (D)				51 07'N 1 20'EFife Ness (F)			56 17'N 2 35'W/Greenwich Lt V (G)	50 24'N 0 00'WJersey (J)			Lerwick (L)			Shetland0Malin Head (M) 		Most northerly point of IrelandPRonaldsway (R)		54 5'N 4 36'WScilly auto (Sc)		Isles of Scilley, SW of CornwallNStornoway (St)		Hebrides Tiree  (T)				S HebridesValentia (Va)		W of Ireland¿Coastal weather stationsName					Location Bridlington (Br)		54 05'N 0 11'W!Channel  Auto  (C)	49 54'N 2 29'WDover  (D)				51 07'N 1 20'EFife Ness (F)			56 17'N 2 35'W=Greenwich Lt V (G)	50 24'N 0 00'WJersey (J)			49 11'N 2 13'WLerwick (L)			60 09'N 1 08'WMalin Head (M) 		55 22'N 7 20'W>Ronaldsway (R)		54 5'N 4 36'WScilly auto (Sc)		49 55'N 6 20'WZStornoway (St)		58 12'N 6 22'WTiree  (T)				56 30'N 6 45'WValentia (Va)		51 56'N 10 20'WáCoastal weather stationsName					Approx. Location"Bridlington (Br)		54ø 05'N 0ø 11'W#Channel  Auto  (C)	49ø 54'N 2ø 29'WDover  (D)				51ø 07'N 1ø 20'E Fife Ness (F)			56ø 17'N 2ø 35'WAGreenwich Lt V (G)	50ø 24'N 0ø 00'WJersey (J)			49ø 11'N 2ø 13'WLerwick (L)			60ø 09'N 1ø 08'W!Malin Head (M) 		55ø 22'N 7ø 20'WBRonaldsway (R)		54ø 5'N 4ø 36'WScilly auto (Sc)		49ø 55'N 6ø 20'W`Stornoway (St)		58ø 12'N 6ø 22'WTiree  (T)				56ø 30'N 6ø 45'WValentia (Va)		51ø 56'N 10ø 20'W±Coastguard stationsCoastguard		(STD)	Phone		FAXFalmouth			01326 317575	318342Brixham			01803 882704	882780Portland			01305 760439	760452Solent				01705 552100	551763Dover				01304 210008	202137Thames			01255 675518	675249Yarmouth		01493 851338	852307Humber			01262 672317	606915 Tyne Tees			0191 2572691	2580373Forth				01333 450666	450725Aberdeen			01224 592334	575920Shetland			01595 692976	694810Pentland			01856 873268	874202Stornoway		01851 702013	704387Oban				01631 563720	564917Clyde				01475 729988	786955 Liverpool			0151 9313341	9313347Holyhead			01407 762051	764373!Milford Haven	01646 690909	692176Swansea			01792 366534	369005Belfast			01247 463933	465886‘ Conversion factors	1 Cable =1 Fathom = 1.8288 metres	1 Chain =11 Nautical Mile = 1.1515 statute miles = 1.852 km1 Knot = 1.515 mph = 1.852 kphˆFormulaeM = miles, m=metres4Distance of horizon (M)=2.072xSQR(height of eye (m))@Distance to radar horizon (M) = 2.21x SQR(height of scanner (m)) Horizontal sextant angle:~Radius of position circle (M) = D/(2xsin(A)) where D is distance between objects (M) and A is the angle between them (degrees) Vertical sextant angle:ADistance (M) = 1.854xHeight of object (m)/Sextant angle [minutes)ûConversion factors+1 Cable = 240 yards = 0.1185 nautical miles"1 Fathom = 2 yards = 1.8288 metres01 Chain = 11 Fathoms = 22 yards = 20.1168 metres11 Nautical Mile = 1.1515 statute miles = 1.852 km51 Knot = 1 nautical mile/hour = 1.515 mph = 1.852 kpháBeaufort scale'Force	Mean	Description		Wave		Max. wave		speed						height	height		(knots)					(metres)	(metres)0		0-1	Calm				0			01		1-3	Light air			0			02		4-6	Light breeze		0.1		0.33		7-10	Gentle breeze		0.4		1 4		11-16	Moderate breeze	1			1.55		17-21	Fresh breeze		2			2.56		22-27	Strong breeze		3			47		28-33	Near gale			5.5		7.58		34-40	Gale				6			8.59		41-47	Severe gale		7			1010		48-55	Storm				9			12.5 11		56-63	Violent storm		11			1612		64+	Hurricane		14ÅPressure tendencyDescription			Pressure tendency#Steady				Change < 0.1mb in 3 hoursRising slowly6(falling slowly)		Change 0.1 to 1.5 mb in last 3 hoursRising1(falling)				Change 1.6 to 3.5 mb in last 3 hoursRising quicly5(falling quickly)		Change 3.6 to 6 mb in last 3 hoursRising (falling)7very rapidly			Change of more than 6 mb in last 3 hoursnow falling6(now rising)			Change from rising to falling (and vice 						versa) within last 3 hours«Pressure system speedDescription			SpeedSlowly				Up to 15 knotsSteadily				15-25 knotsRather quickly		25-35 knotsRapidly				35-45 knotsVery rapidly			over 45 knotsn
Visibility
Sea areas: Description	Extent of visibility!Good			More than 5 nautical milesModerate		2 to 5 nautical miles&Poor			1000 metres to 2 nautical milesFog			less than 1000 metresLand areas:Fog			200 to 1000 metresThick fog		Less than 200 metresDense fog		Less than 50 metresCoastal reports: Mist or haze	1000 to 2000 metresFog			Less than 1000 metres…!Sequence of weather at cold front.Element		In warm sector	At passage	In the rear6Barometer	Falls near front	Sudden rise	Continuing rise5Wind			Backing,squally	Sudden veer	Steady, decreasing4Temperature	Little change		Sudden fall	Little change4Cloud			St,Sc then Cu,Cb	Cu, Cb, Fs,Fc	As,Ac then Cu*Precipitation	Drizzle			Heavy rain	Showers1Visibility		Moderate, poor	Poor			Improving, goodx!Sequence of weather at warm front1Element		On approaching	At passage	In warm sector2Barometer	Steady fall		Stops falling	Little change3Wind			Increases, backs	Veers			Steady in direction2Temperature	Steady, slow rise	Rise			Little change,Cloud			Ci,Cs then As,Ns	Low Ns, Fs	St or Sc0Precipitation	Rain increasing	Rain stops	Drizzle+Visibility		Good				Poor			Moderate or poorÙDaytime recognition of vesselsSignal								Meaning.Cone, apex down					Sailing vessel under powerOne ball							Vessel at anchor7Two balls (one over the other)	Vessel not under command-Three balls (in vertical line)	Vessel agroundABall,diamond,ball in vertical	Vessel restricted in its ability toline								manoevre>As above, with 2 balls on one	Vessels to pass on the side with(side and 2 diamonds the other	2 diamonds6International code flag A		Vessel in diving operations8Three balls in a cross				Vessel engaged in minesweeping-One diamond						Vessel towing or being towed-Cylinder							Vessel constrained by  draught(Two cones, apex together		Vessel fishing:Single cone with fishing vessel	Outlying gear > 150 metresSound signalsSignal								Meaning(One long blast					Warning 'Here I come'0One short blast					Altering course to starboard,Two short blasts					Altering course to port1Three short blasts				Operating astern propulsion/Five short blasts					What are your intentions?>Two long blasts and one short	I wish to pass on your starboardblast								side>Two long blasts and two short	I wish to pass on your port sideblasts1One long, one short, one long,		Yes, you may passone short blast%Five short blasts					No, do not passÃFog SignalsSignal								Meaning:One long blast every 2 minutes	Powered vessel underway and									making way:Two long blasts every 2 mins.	Powered vessel underway, but									not making way9One long blast and two short		Vessels restricted in their<blasts every two minutes		ability to manoevre (e.g. sailing,!									fishing, towing vessels)-One long blast and three			Last vessel in towshort blasts every 2 mins.		+4 short blasts (as necessary)		Pilot vessel.Rapid ringing of a bell every	Vessel at anchor:minute (and sounding of gong)	(for vessels over 100metres)/3 rings of a bell, rapid ringing	Vessel aground;of a bell, 3 rings of a bell			(for vessels over 100metres)(and sounding of a gong)±!Night time recognition of vesselsSignal light						Meaning&Single green						Starboard side light Single red							Port side light1Red next to green					Vessel approaching head on.*Red over red						Vessel not under command9Three red in vertical line		Vessel constrained by draught>Red,white,red in vertical line	Vessel restricted in ability to									manoevre4Single white light				Stern light, vessel at anchor,9Two white next to each other,	Vessel at anchor (length of)but one higher than the other	vessel>50m).Lights for vessel at anchor and	Vessel agroundred over red!Red over white					Fishing vesselGreen over white				TrawlerWhite over red					Pilot vessel!Red over green					Sailing vessel$Three green in a cross			Minesweeper!White over white				Vessel towing=Three white in vertical line		Vessel towing (tow length>200m)+Flashing yellow					Non-displacement vessel>2 alternately flashing yellow	Fishing vessel with purse seine.Clouds%Name				Symbol	Height (km)	Appearance%Cirrus			 Ci			5.5-14		Wispy, fibrous2Cirrocumulus		 Cc		5.5-14		thin, granular, rippled&Cirrostratus		 Cs			5.5-14		milky veil Altocumulus		Ac			2-7			globular(Altostratus		As			2-7			grey/blue layers,Stratocumulus	 Sc			<2				grey/white patches*Nimbostratus		Ns			<2				dark grey layered&Stratus			St			<2				fog like/ layered"Cumulus			Cu			0-14			white heaped*Cumulonimbus	Cb			0-14			white/black anvil'Fractostratus	Fs			<2				Broken stratus(Fractocumuus	Fc			0-14+			Broken cumulus-Heavy weather check listBelow:All gear securely stowed, easyto cook or pre-prepared food in accessible lockers, storm sails ready, Navigation pre-planned as much as possibleOn deck:9All gear secured,Reefing - lines rigged, Jackstays riggedPeople:1Warm and waterproof, get as much rest as possibleÀRules of the road+Opposite tacks: Port gives way to starboard%Same tack: Boat to windward gives way-If in doubt, close hauled port-tack gives wayTOvertaking: Any vessel POWER or SAIL has to give way when overtaking another vessel.;Vessels approaching head on: Both vessels turn to starboardIIf another vessel is crossing your path from right to left, you give way.RIf another vessel is crossing your path from left to right, you have right of way.£$Buoyage (Lateral buoyage not for US)Buoy				Markings						Lights'Port hand (when	Red							Red, flashing	arriving)*Starboard hand	Green							Green, flashing (when leaving).North Cardinal	Black over yellow,			Continuous"					cones pointing up				flashing<East Cardinal		Black,yellow,black, cones	3 flashes, then gap					pointing away=South Cardinal	Yellow over black, cones		6 flashes, then long%					pointing down				flash, then gap<West cardinal	Yellow,black,yellow, cones	9 flashes, then gap					pointing together3Safe water mark	Vertical red and white		Isophase or#					stripes						 occ.. long flash3Isolated danger	Black,red,black with 2		Gp. Fl. (2)mark				balls¸Knot tying (marlinspike)Anchor bendBowlineClove hitch
Cleat knotFigure of eight knotRound turn and two half hitches	Reef knotRolling hitchRunning bowline
SheepshankSquare knotYPassage planning'APEE = Assess, Prepare, Execute, EscapeALength of Passage, Approximate speed, general direction of course?Dangers on leaving: Tides+gates, shipping, lights+buoyage, crew=preparedness+safety, victuals, fuel, shipping lanes, weather,)courses+depths, pilot book, first aid kit<Dangers on passage: Sea conditions, weather change, ports of;refuge, lights, tides, shipping, crew conditions+strengths,>navigation (good fixes), watch keeping, sun and moon set/rise.BDangers on arrival: Right place?, tides, lights, shipping, harbour:controls, weather, depth, pilot book, pilotage, brief crewËLight Rythms&Classification		Abbreviation			Pattern#Fixed							F				------------------,Flashing						Fl				  -                    -4Group flashing				Fl(3)			  - - -              - - ->Composite group flashing	Fl(2+1)		  - -   -            - -   -0Long flashing					LFl			  --                  --4Quick							Q				. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Group quick					Q(3)			  . . .                 . . .8Very quick					VQ			....................................BInterrupted very quick		IVQ			..     .................     .......'Isophase						Iso			-----         -----(Occulting						Oc				-- ---------- -----0Group occulting				Oc(3)			-- - - ------- - - --8Composite group occulting	Oc(2+1)		-- - -- ------ - -- -TidesMHWS = Mean High Water SpringsMHWN = Mean High Water NeapsMLWS = Mean Low Water SpringsMLWN = Mean Low Water NeapsdEquinoctial springs = Spring tides with unusually large range occurinng at the time of the equinoxes&Chart Datum = Lowest astronomical tide<Charted depth (sounding)  = Depth of water below chart datum2Charted height (e.g. of tower) = Height above MHWS8Elevation = Height at which a light is shown above MHWS.:Rise of tide = Height of sea level above nearest low water-Depth of water = Charted depth+Height of tide+Range=Difference between high and low waterRule of twelvths:0Hour after high water			Change in height of tide%									(as a fraction of the range)		1									1/12		2									2/12		3									3/12		4									3/12		5									2/12		6									1/12òTraffic control signalsLights						Meaning53 flashing red				Serious emergency. All vessels stop)3 fixed reds					Vessels must not proceed8As above +  yellow			Except vessels outside main channel43 fixed green					Vessels may proceed, 1 way traffic<3 fixed green over white		Vessels may proceed, 2 way traffic:Green over white over green  Vessels may proceed only with'								specific instructions to do so.6As above with yellow		Exempts craft which can navigate 								outside the main channel&"Morse Code + Single letter signals!Letter	Morse	Single letter signal<A		 .-   	I have a diver down, keep well clear at slow speed5B 		-...		I am exchanging or carrying dangerous goodsC 		-.-.		Affirmative<D 		-..		Keep clear of me. I am manoeuvering with difficulty+E 		.		I am altering my course to starboard,F 		..-.		I am disabled; communicate with me/G 		--.		I require a pilot or I am hauling nets!H 		....		I have a pilot on board'I 		..		I am altering my course to port:J 		.---	I am on fire and have dangerous cargo. Keep clear'K 		-.-		I wish to communicate with you/L 		.-..		You should stop your vessel instantly.M 		--		My vessel is stopped and making no wayN 		-.		No or negativeO 		---		Man overboard=P 		.--.		All persons to report on board or my nets are stuck:Q 		--.-	My vessel is healthy and I request free practique R		.-.	No single letter meaningÿS 		... 		I am operating astern propulsionT 		- 		Keep clear. I am engaged in pair trawlingU 		..- 		You are running into dangerV		...- 		I require assistanceW 		.-- 		I require medical assistanceX 		-..- 	Stop your intentions and watch my signalsY \		-.-- 	I am dragging my anchorZ 		--.. 	I require a tug or I am shooting nets1 		.----	
2 		..---	
3 		...--	
4 		....-	
5 		.....	46 		-... 7 		--... 8 		---.. 9 		----. 0 		-----EMetFAX MarineDial 0336 400 xxxItem									xxx24 hr shipping forecast				441Guide to surface charts				446Surface chart						444Surface forecast chart				445 Chart of UK weather reports		447%Index to chart of weather reports	4483-5 day inshore forecast				450 Guide to satellite images				498Satellite image						499‹Safety equipment list!												     Coastal	OffshoreSafety:1Lifejackets, BS3595 or CE equiv. per person	1			11Harnesses, BS4224, or CE equiv. per person		1			1Navigation:%Charts, almanac, pilot							Yes		Yes%Compass with deviation card					1			1 Hand bearing compass							1			1&Chart table instruments							Yes		YesWatch/clock										1			2Echo sounder										1			1Leadline											1			1&Radio direction finding set						1			1%Radio receiver (forecasts)						1			1Barometer										1			1!Navigation lights								Yes		YesRadar reflector									1			1Foghorn											1			1$Powerful waterproof torch						1			1$Anchor with warp or chain						2			2Towline											1			1Man overboard:(Lifebuoy with drogue and light					2			2 Buoyant heaving line							1			1Dan buoy											-			1$Rope (or boarding) ladder						1			1Fire:)Fire extinguishers (1.5kg) Dry powder or $(1.5kg) BCF or equivalent						2			3Fire blanket										1			1-Automatic extinguisher for engine				Yes		YesSinking:Bilge pumps										2			2!Buckets with lanyards							2			2"Leak stopping gear								Yes		YesDistress signals:Hand flares, red									2			4&Hand flares, white (warning)					4			4!Red parachute rockets							2			4Hand smoke signals								2			-&Buoyant orange smoke signals					-			-%Emergency radio transmitter					-			1Abandon ship:#Liferaft for whole crew							1			1or2Dinghy with buoyancy, or inflated inflatable	1			-&Panic bag, extra water etc.						-			1Miscellaneous:First aid kit										1			1Engine tool kit									1			1,Name/number prominently displayed			Yes		YesStorm canvas										Yes		Yes+Emergency steering arrangements				Yes		YesvPhonetic alphabet and FlagsQ Letter	Flag descriptionAlpha		Vert. stripes, white and blue with V cut in blue.Bravo		All red with V cut.6Charlie	Horiz. stripes - blue, white, red, white, blue0Delta		Horiz. stripes, yellow, wide blue, yellow#Echo		Horiz. stripes, blue over red)Foxtrot	White background with red diamond=Golf		Vert. stripes, yellow, blue, yellow, blue, yellow, blue!Hotel		Vert. stripes - white, red'India		Yellow background with black dot)Juliet		Horiz. stripes. blue, white, blue Kilo		Vert. stripes yellow, blueLima		Yellow + black squares/Mike		Blue background with white diagonal crossNovember	Blue + white chequered(Oscar		Red + Yellow separated diagonally1Papa		Blue background with white square in middleQuebec	All yellow'Romeo		Red background with yellow cross3Sierra		White background with blue square in middle'Tango		Vert. stripes - red, white, blueUniform	Red and white squares/Victor	White background with red diagonal cross7Whisky	Concentric squares, red, white, blue (outermost)'X-ray		White background with blue cross&Yankee	Yellow and red diagonal stripes.Zulu		Triangles of yellow, blue, red and black51 (Wun)	Pennant shape, white background with red spot02 (Too)	Pennant, blue background with white spot03 (Tree)	Pennant, vert. stripes, red, white blue24 (Fower)	Pennant, red background with white cross,5 (Five)	Pennant, Vert stripes, yellow, blue16 (Six)	Pennant, Horiz. stripes, black over white27 (Seven)	Pennant, Horiz. stripes, yellow over red08 (Ait)	Pennant, White background with red cross>9 (Niner)	Pennant, four quarters, white, black, red and yellow40 (Zero)	Pennant, Vert. stripes, yellow, red, yellow