P:8BzªW @8BSB.app@4: @ @ @ @ @ @ @@ @0@ @P@ @p@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @Bpqrst@00 A?@=F&q ʮVL͟Sputnik 1 (USSR)Oct. 4, 1957Satellite6First artificial satellite.ZL͟Sputnik 2 (USSR)Oct. 4, 1957Satellite@Carried first animal into space.2M͟Explorer 1 (USA)Jan. 31, 1958SatelliteFirst successful U.S. satellite. Also discovered Earth's radiation belt.V ԬM͟Pioneer 0 (USA)Aug. 17, 1958Lunar orbiter*First stage exploded.` &N͟Pioneer 1 (USA)Oct. 11, 1958Lunar orbiter@Failed to reach escape velocity.\ cN͟Pioneer 3 (USA)Dec. 6, 1958Lunar flyby@Failed to reach escape velocity. O͟ Luna 1 (USSR)Jan. 2, 1959Lunar flybyIntended for impact, but missed lunar surface and is now in a solar orbit.T O͟Pioneer 4 (USA)Mar. 3, 1959Lunar flyby.Still in a solar orbit.%O͟ Luna 2 (USSR)Sep. 12, 1959Lunar landerImpacted Moon on Sep 13, 1959, becoming first man-made object to reach another body in our universe.7LP͟ Luna 3 (USSR)Oct. 4, 1959Lunar flybyReached the Moon on Oct. 7 and returned the first photograph of its far side.X@P͟Pioneer 5 (USA)Mar. 11, 1960Solar monitor.Still in a solar orbit.XRQ͟Mars 1960A (USSR)Oct. 10, 1960Mars probe8Failed to reach Earth orbit.Xd}Q͟Mars 1960B (USSR)Oct. 14, 1960Mars probe8Failed to reach Earth orbit.RvQ͟Venera 1 (USSR)Feb. 12, 1961Venus flyby*Now in a solar orbit.hqR͟Ranger 3 (USA)Jan. 26, 1962Lunar landerXMissed the Moon and is now in a solar orbit.ZR͟Ranger 4 (USA)Apr. 23, 1962Lunar landerCommunications failed en route.XU͟Mars 1962B (USSR)Nov. 4, 1962Mars lander8Failed to leave Earth orbit.jBV͟ Luna 4 (USSR)Apr. 2, 1963Lunar probedMissed the Moon and is now in an Earth-Moon orbit.*V͟Ranger 6 (USA)Jan. 30, 1964Lunar landerImpacted lunar surface but returned no photographs due to camera failure.V3V͟ Zond 1 (USSR)Apr. 2, 1964Venus flyby:Communications lost en route.~EsW͟Ranger 7 (USA)July 28, 1964Lunar landerReturned pictures of lunar surface before impact on July 31, 1964.WW͟Mariner 3 (USA)Nov. 5, 1964Mars flybyMission failed when solar panels did not open. Now in a solar orbit. `*X͟Mariner 4 (USA)Nov. 28, 1964Mars flybyArrived on Jul. 14, 1965 and returned close-up photos of Martian surface. Now in a solar orbit.N!{X͟ Zond 2 (USSR)Nov. 30, 1964Mars flyby,Contact lost en route."[Y͟Ranger 8 (USA)Feb. 17, 1965Lunar landerReturned photographs of lunar surface before impact on Feb. 20, 1965.#Y͟Ranger 9 (USA)Mar. 21, 1965Lunar landerReturned photographs of lunar surface before impact on Mar. 24, 1965.b$Z͟ Luna 5 (USSR)May 9, 1965Lunar landerRDestroyed upon impact with lunar surface.b%Z͟ Luna 6 (USSR)June 8, 1965Lunar landerTMissed the Moon and is now in solar orbit.2G(QM f&[͟ Zond 3 (USSR)July 18, 1965Lunar flybyXTransmitted pictures of the Moon's far side.b'7\͟ Luna 7 (USSR)Oct. 4, 1965Lunar landerRDestroyed upon impact with lunar surface.j(\͟Venera 2 (USSR)Nov. 12, 1965Venus flybyZCommunications failed. Now in a solar orbit.d),]͟Venera 3 (USSR)Nov. 16, 1965Venus probeNCommunications failed. Impacted Venus.b*/]͟ Luna 8 (USSR)Dec. 3, 1965Lunar landerRDestroyed upon impact with lunar surface.d+A ^͟Pioneer 6 (USA)Dec. 16, 1965Solar probeLStill transmitting from a solar orbit.,J]^͟ Luna 9 (USSR)Jan. 31, 1966Lunar landerPerformed first successful soft landing on the Moon, on Feb. 3, 1966, and transmitted the first photographs from its surface.z-\^͟Luna 10 (USSR)Mar. 31, 1966Lunar orbiterxStudied Moon's gravity and radiation. Now in a lunar orbit.b.nQ_͟Surveyor 1 (USA)Apr. 30, 1966Lunar landerHFirst U.S. soft landing on the Moon./_͟Lunar Orbiter 1 (USA)Aug. 10, 1966Lunar orbiterOrbited the Moon, returning photographs of its surface before impacting on command.V0E`͟Pioneer 7 (USA)Aug. 17, 1966Solar probe.Still in a solar orbit.1`͟Luna 11 (USSR)Aug. 24, 1966Lunar orbiterStudied Moon's gravity and chemical composition. Now in a lunar orbit.\2`͟Surveyor 2 (USA)Sep. 20, 1966Lunar lander:Failed and impacted the Moon.v3va͟Luna 12 (USSR)Oct. 22, 1966Lunar orbiterpPhotographed surface of the Moon. Now in a lunar orbit.4a͟Lunar Orbiter 2 (USA)Nov. 6, 1966Lunar orbiterOrbited the Moon, returning photographs of its surface before impacting on command.5-b͟Luna 13 (USSR)Dec. 21, 1966Lunar landerArrived on Dec. 24, 1966 and transmitted panoramic photographs of surface.IG)MI5M쾲Ğu6c͟Lunar Orbiter 3 (USA)Feb. 5, 1967Lunar orbiterOrbited the Moon, returning photographs of its surface before impacting on command.^7+Sd͟Surveyor 3 (USA)Apr. 17, 1967Lunar lander>Landed safely on lunar surface.84d͟Lunar Orbiter 4 (USA)May 4, 1967Lunar orbiterOrbited the Moon, returning photographs of its surface before impacting on command.9F e͟Venera 4 (USSR)June 12, 1967Venus probeArrived on Oct. 18, 1967. Returned atmospheric data but was crushed by pressure before reaching surface.:Xe͟Mariner 5 (USA)June 14, 1967Venus flybyArrived on Oct. 19, 1967 and studied Venusian magnetic field. Now in a solar orbit.\;ae͟Surveyor 4 (USA)July 14, 1967Lunar lander:Failed and impacted the Moon.<s;f͟Lunar Orbiter 5 (USA)Aug. 1, 1967Lunar orbiterOrbited the Moon, returning photographs of its surface before impacting on command.\=f͟Surveyor 5 (USA)Sep. 8, 1967Lunar lander>Landed safely on lunar surface.x>/g͟Surveyor 6 (USA)Nov. 7, 1967Lunar landerxLanded safely on lunar surface and performed brief take-off.d?g͟Pioneer 8 (USA)Dec. 13, 1967Solar probeLStill transmitting from a solar orbit.\@#h͟Surveyor 7 (USA)Jan. 7, 1968Lunar lander>Landed safely on lunar surface.`A`h͟Luna 14 (USSR)Apr. 7, 1968Lunar probeLStudied Moon's motion and its gravity.fBh͟ Zond 5 (USSR)Sep. 14, 1968Lunar flybyVFlew around the Moon and returned to Earth.TCi͟Pioneer 9 (USA)Nov. 8, 1968Solar probe.Still in a solar orbit.fDi͟ Zond 6 (USSR)Nov. 10, 1968Lunar flybyVFlew around the Moon and returned to Earth.E Ij͟Venera 5 (USSR)Jan. 5, 1969Venus probeArrived on May 17, 1969. Collected data on atmospheric composition before being crushed by pressure. @$Bi ID_idpa   SB_0idtb 2fd  typ sizla 2 ord colliwirsfo vialsobditft 2heslix cllcaqy SB_1id FC_id fid typla 2ca cfo cba styqytb 2 FC_1id CL_id fidla 2 CL_1idCL_2 fid LI_li ( LI_1li( PA_la 2  PR_idtb 2cvscbditft 2heszsgfshk  PR_1id VA_idla va VA_1id RM_ idtb 2 idtal so RM_1id RM_2 idt! IX_ idtb 2la 2caix IX_1id"4SpaceUnmannedr0r1 r2 2r3 2r4 2r5 2r6 % @Q @ B@A`@`@ @-$ ""kj/ F7]Nteoo|$9Yy" G{u'q0P:G" @u @C@x<SpaceUnmanned SystemA3SA)Nov. 8, 1968Solar probe.Still in a solar orbit.fDi͟ Zond 6 (USSR)Nov. 10, 1968Lunar flybyVFlew around the Moon and returned to Earth.E Ij͟Venera 5 (USSR)Jan. 5, 1969Venus probeArrived on May 17, 1969. Collected data on atmospheric composition before being crushed by pressure.H*y5 ą--¢F0=k͟Venera 6 (USSR)Jan. 10, 1969Venus probeArrived on May 16, 1969. Collected data on atmospheric composition before being crushed by pressure.GBk͟Mariner 6 (USA)Feb. 24, 1969Mars flybyQArrived on May 17, 1969 and flew along Mars equator, returning information on temperature, pressure, and surface composition. Now in a solar orbit.HT1l͟Mariner 7 (USA)Mar. 27, 1969Mars flybyArrived on Aug. 5, 1969 and flew near south pole of Mars, returning pictures and measurements of temperature, pressure, and surface composition. Now in a solar orbit.fIfl͟Luna 15 (USSR)July 13, 1969Lunar landerRDestroyed upon impact with lunar surface.dJol͟ Zond 7 (USSR)Aug. 8, 1969Lunar flybyVFlew around the Moon and returned to Earth.Km͟Venera 7 (USSR)Aug. 17, 1970Venus lander!First successful landing on another planet on Dec. 15, 1970. Returned 23 minutes of data, including measurement of surface temperature.tLn͟Luna 16 (USSR)Sep. 12, 1970Lunar landerpLanded on Sep. 20, 1970 and returned lunar soil samples.fMVn͟ Zond 8 (USSR)Oct. 20, 1970Lunar flybyVFlew around the Moon and returned to Earth.Nn͟Luna 17 (USSR)Nov. 10, 1970Lunar landerDeployed automated rover upon landing on lunar surface, which took pictures and conducted soil analysis.`OJo͟Mariner 8 (USA)May 8, 1971Mars flybyJSpacecraft never reached Earth orbit.P҇o͟ Mars 2 (USSR)May 19, 1971*Mars orbiter & landerLander became first man-made object to reach Mars surface, on Nov. 27, 1971Qp͟ Mars 3 (USSR)May 28, 1971*Mars orbiter & landerLander completed the first successful landing on Mars, on Dec. 2, 1971, and returned 20 seconds of video data.Rp͟Mariner 9 (USA)May 30, 1971Mars orbiterEFirst spacecraft to orbit another planet, and is still revolving around Mars. Also returned first close range photos of moons Phobos and Deimos.dSp͟Luna 18 (USSR)Sep. 2, 1971Lunar landerRDestroyed upon impact with lunar surface.VTpq͟Luna 19 (USSR)Sep. 28, 1971Lunar orbiter.Still in a lunar orbit.U,q͟Luna 20 (USSR)Feb. 14, 1972Lunar landerSoft landed on Feb. 21, 1972, and launched lunar soil samples back to Earth.I+ u® ؝´)IVbXs͟Pioneer 10 (USA)Mar. 3, 1972Jupiter flybyPassed Jupiter on Dec. 1, 1973 and has now left the solar system. Returned over 500 images of Jupiter and data on its magnetic field.Wts͟Venera 8 (USSR)Mar. 27, 1972Venus landerArrived on July 22, 1972. Returned information on wind speed variations through atmosphere and 50 minutes of data after landing.XLt͟Luna 21 (USSR)Jan. 8, 1973Lunar landerDeployed second automated rover upon landing, which traveled 37 km while exploring the lunar surface.Yt͟Pioneer 11 (USA)Apr. 6, 1973,Jupiter & Saturn flybyVisited Saturn on gravity assist from Jupiter and has now left the solar system. Returned images of both planets, especially Jupiter's Red Spot and Saturn's Rings.dZ@u͟ Mars 4 (USSR)July 21, 1973Mars orbiterRFailed to insert itself in Martian orbit.Z[u͟ Mars 5 (USSR)July 25, 1973Mars orbiter>Entered orbit on Feb. 12, 1974.\4v͟ Mars 6 (USSR)Aug. 5, 1973*Mars orbiter & landerEntered orbit on Mar. 12, 1974, but lander failed on its way down.n]qv͟ Mars 7 (USSR)Aug. 9, 1973*Mars orbiter & landerXOrbiter failed and lander missed the planet.^v͟Mariner 10 (USA)Nov. 3, 1973*Mercury & Venus flybyFirst spacecraft to visit Mercury, using a gravity assist from Venus. After producing over 10,000 pictures of the planet's surface it was placed in a solar orbit.l_ew͟Luna 22 (USSR)May 29, 1974Lunar orbiter^Studied Moon and surrounding region from orbit.f` w͟Luna 23 (USSR)Oct. 28, 1974Lunar probeRDestroyed upon impact with lunar surface.^aZx͟Helios 1$(USA & W. Germany)Dec. 10, 1974Solar probe*Now in a solar orbit.b(x͟Venera 9 (USSR)June 8, 1975,Venus orbiter & landerArrived on Oct. 22, 1975. Returned 53 minutes of data, including the first black & white photographs of Venusian surface.c:y͟Venera 10 (USSR)June 14, 1975,Venus orbiter & landerArrived on Oct. 25, 1975. Returned 65 minutes of data, including black and white photos of planet surface.dLy͟Viking 1 (USA)Aug. 20, 1975*Mars orbiter & landerSearched for life on Mars and monitored the planet's weather. Communication with the orbiter was shut down in 1980, after 1489 orbits.e^z͟Viking 2 (USA)Sep. 9, 1975*Mars orbiter & landerASearched for life on Mars and monitored the planet's weather. The orbiter ran out of power in 1978 and the lander stopped transmitting in 1980.@,a U)QAnfs{͟Helios 2$(USA & W. Germany)Jan. 16, 1976Solar probeJCame within 43 million km of the Sun.dg{͟Luna 24 (USSR)Aug. 9, 1976Lunar landerTReturned lunar soil samples after landing.hg|͟Voyager 2 (USA)Aug. 20, 1977&Multi- planet flybyFlew by Jupiter in 1979, Saturn in 1981, Uranus in 1986, and Neptune in 1989, studying their satellites, rings, and magnetospheres. Still transmitting from beyond our solar system.i|͟Voyager 1 (USA)Sep. 5, 1977.Jupiter & Saturn flybyMFlew by Jupiter in 1979 and Saturn in 1980, studying their satellites, rings, and magnetospheres. Still transmitting from beyond our solar system.vj[}͟Pioneer 12 (USA)May 20, 1978Venus orbiternUsed radar to map Venutian surface. Shut down in 1992.k}͟Pioneer 13 (USA)Aug. 8, 1978Venus probe%Arrived on Dec. 9, 1978, deploying four atmospheric probes, which descended by parachute and learned that the lower atmosphere was clear.tl~͟Venera 11 (USSR)Sep. 9, 1978Venus landernArrived on Dec 25, 1978. Returned data for 95 minutes.m~͟Venera 12 (USSR)Sep. 14, 1978Venus landerArrived on Dec. 21, 1978. Returned data for 110 minutes, including evidence of lightning.n͟Venera 13 (USSR)Oct. 30, 1981Venus landerLanded on Mar. 1, 1982. Returned first color photographs of planet surface and conducted soil analysis, finding rocks rare on Earth.o-͟Venera 14 (USSR)Nov. 4, 1981Venus landerArrived on Mar. 5, 1982. Returned panoramic photos and conducted soil analysis.p?͟Venera 15 (USSR)June 2, 1983Venus orbiterArrived on Oct. 10, 1983. Mapped part of northern hemisphere using radar.qH8͟Venera 16 (USSR)June 7, 1983Venus orbiterArrived on Oct. 14, 1983. Mapped part of northern hemisphere using radar.rc͟ Vega 1 (USSR)Dec. 15, 1984(Venus & Halley flybyFlew by Venus and dropped lander which failed. Encountered Comet Halley on Mar. 6, 1986. Now in a solar orbit.sl,͟ Vega 2 (USSR)Dec. 21, 1984(Venus & Halley probeMFlew by Venus and dropped lander which sampled soil, finding rocks rare on Earth. Encountered Comet Halley on Mar. 9, 1986. Now in a solar orbit.ft~͟Sakigake(Japan)Jan. 7, 1985Halley flybyREncountered Comet Halley on Mar. 1, 1986.u ͟ Giotto(Europe)July 2, 1985Comet flybyEncountered Halley's comet on Mar. 13, 1986 and comet Grigg-Skjellerup on July 10, 1992.BfSpaceUnmannedr22Name }jSpaceUnmannedr32Country }nSpaceUnmannedr42Launch Date }fSpaceUnmannedr52Type}hSpaceUnmannedr6 Notes }idla va VA_1id RM_ idtb 2 idtal so RM_1id RM_2 idt! IX_ idtb 2la 2caix IX_1id"4SpaceUnmannedr0r1 r2 2r3 2r4 2r5 2r6 %F!1UEAfvƎ͟ Suisei(Japan)Aug. 18, 1985Halley flybyREncountered Comet Halley on Mar. 8, 1986.w͟Phobos 1 (USSR)July 7, 1988.Phobos orbiter & landerIntended to study Mars' moon, Phobos, but contact was lost en route.xꂄ͟Phobos 2 (USSR)July 12, 1988.Phobos orbiter & landerInserted into orbit around Mars but lander failed to make it to Phobos.y͟Magellan (USA)May 4, 1989Venus orbiterMapped Venusian surface using radar. Plunged into its atmosphere and was crushed by pressure after four years in orbit.z:͟Galileo(USA & Europe)Oct. 18, 1989.Jupiter orbiter & probe!Designed to explore and study Jovian system. Probe entered Jupiter's atmosphere on Dec. 7, 1995 and orbiter is still transmitting data.{͟Muses-A(Japan)Jan. 24, 1990Lunar orbitersConsisted of two small orbiters, but failed to send back data from orbit around Moon.|2k͟Ulysses(USA & Europe)Oct. 6, 1990Solar flybyAUsed gravity assist from Jupiter to achieve polar orbit around the Sun. Viewed Sun from high latitudes and studied its surrounding environment.};͟Mars Observer (USA)Sep. 25, 1992Mars orbiterContact was lost just before it was to be inserted into Mars orbit.~M"͟Clementine (USA)Jan. 25, 1994Lunar orbiterDesigned to test new space technology for the Department of Defense. It collected data which should allow scientists to create the first topographic map of the Moon._͟:Advanced Composition Explorer (USA)Aug. 25, 19974Satellite in L1 Halo orbitThe ACE spacecraft is sampling low-energy particles of solar origin and high-energy galactic particles. It also provides near-real-time reports of space weather.3-$D%%% @u @C@x<SpaceUnmanned SystemABfSpaceUnmannedr22Name }jSpaceUnmannedr32Country }nSpaceUnmannedr42Launch Date }fSpaceUnmannedr52Type}hSpaceUnmannedr6 Notes }3-$sNN.NNBfSpaceUnmannedr22Name }jSpaceUnmannedr32Country }nSpaceUnmannedr42Launch Date }fSpaceUnmannedr52Type}hSpaceUnmannedr6 Notes } @u @C@x<SpaceUnmanned SystemA3-$PRRR @u BfSpaceUnmannedr22Name }jSpaceUnmannedr32Country }nSpaceUnmannedr42Launch Date }fSpaceUnmannedr52Type}hSpaceUnmannedr6 Notes }3-$ SSDSRR @u @C@x<SpaceUnmanned SystemABfSpaceUnmannedr22Name }jSpaceUnmannedr32Country }nSpaceUnmannedr42Launch Date }fSpaceUnmannedr52Type}hSpaceUnmannedr6 Notes }3-$ UUUU