Pm†þ¡U|8µ´P @ @i @09@iTable1ColA1 2ColB1ColA2ColB2 @ €&a¦BUNIX is an operating system language that allows a user to navigate and maintain files and directories.This set of basic UNIX commands follows the following format:-> Command Name-> Command Syntax (Do not include the [brackets] in your statement at the unix prompt, which might look like this: nevada%)-> Command DescriptionSome commands have flags, or options, that expand the basic function of the command. These flags, or options, are denoted with a "-" in front of the flag, such as 'man -k [command]'. The -k is the flag, or an option for the 'man' command.For more information on any of the below commands you can type 'man [command name]' at your UNIX prompt.hAType cd [directory]Changes from the current directory to the new specified directory.  cd  Type cd This will return you to your home  directory. cd .. Type cd .. This moves your current directory  on level up (or back). cd ~/stuff/1998 This moves you to a subdirectory  within your home directory.§AType ln [originalfile] [newlinkfile]Links two or more files. Allows the same file to be accessed under a new name. This is like creating an 'alias' on Macintosh file system. -f: Type ln -f [originalfile] [newlinkfile] Does overwrite an existing filename. -s: Type ln -s [originalfile] [newlinkfile] Creates a symbolic link that allows  the linked file to be accessed  accross file systems.»AType ls Lists the contents of a specified or current directory, excluding the hidden files. -a: Type ls -a  Type ls -a Will list all contents of the  directory including hidden files.  -s:  Type ls -s  Will list the size of the files or  directories before the name in  kilobytes.  -t:  Type ls -t Will list all contents of the directory  from most-recently modified to  last modified.ÐH ÿÿ2iÑF ìí46àu¡M…òº1 What is UNIX?¦ | (Pipe)ÏType [command] | [command] Pipes, or runs the information accessed with the first command into the second command. A good use for this when viewing large directories. You can type ls [directoryname] | more cat (Concatenate Files):ÙType cat [filename]Views the contents of a file (like more,less) Type cat [filename] >> [filename]Merges specified files and writes them to one file. Type cat >> [filename]Adds information to a current filename.cd (Change Directory): h compress (Compress Files): eType compress [filename] Compresses a file into a smaller size and appends a ".Z" to the file name. Cp (Copy Files): aType cp [filename] [newfilename] Copies the contents of one file into a new file or directory.  #finger (Find Information On User): ÕType finger [username] Returns information about a user with an account on the system: user name, full name, terminal, terminal access, and time of login. Finger also displays the users profile and project filesln (Link Files):§ls (List Files): » logout (Exit Shell): XType logout Will close the current session window, and perhaps your entire connection. man (Manual Pages): ÆType man [command name] Will display on-line manual pages for the command word specified. -k  Type man -k [keyword]  Will search the on-line manual pages  by the keyword specified. mesg (Enable/Disable Messages):ÆGrants or denies permission to other users to send you messages from either the write or talk commands. -y Type mesg -y Grants permission. -n Type mesg -n Denies permission. more (Display File): ºType more [filename] Allows the user to view a large document on screen by page. At theend of the page a --MORE-- prompt will appear. Press the space bar to continue or [ q ] to quit. mv (Move File/Directory): ƒType mv [filename] [newfilename] Moves a file or multiple files into another directory or to a new name in the current directory. mkdir (Make Directory): ^Type mkdir [directoryname] Creates a new directory or directories in the current directory.  passwd (Change Password):AType: passwdInstructs the UNIX machine to set a users password.ZAType wc [filenames]Counts the number of words, characters, and lines in a text file(s). The output is disaplyed as: . -c Type wc -c Displays only the number of  characters. -l Type wc -l Displays only the number of lines. b Type wc b Displays only the number of words.-AUNIX in Plain EnglishMIS PRESS, ISBN 1-55828-345-5Kevin Reichard & Eric F. JohnsonTEACH YOURSELF UNIX ... Third editionMIS PRESS, ISBN 1-55828-418-4Kevin Reichard & Eric F. JohnsonUNIX System Administration HandbookPTR Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-933441-6Evi Nemeth, Garth Snyder & Scott Seebass @ž<òGÿ?úÞ=ÝMö4Æî@Y pl (Print Local): gType pl [filename] Instructs the UNIX machine to print a specific file to a locally attached printer. pwd (Print Working Directory): MType pwd Displays the name of the current directory the user is located in. $quota (Show User's Disk Allowance): ¹Type quota Displays the current available disk, the total amount of disk space, the maximum amount of disk space that is allowed to be used, and the grace period if quota is exceeded. rm (Remove File): ðType rm [filename] Removes a file in the users personal account, or a file where the user has write permission.  -r:  Type rm -r [directory]  Removes a directory and its  contents where the user has  write permission.  rmdir (Remove Directory): ²Type rmdir [directory] Removes an empty directory.  -r:  Type rm -r [directory]  Removes a directory and its  contents where the user has  write permission. spell (Check Spelling):Type: spell [filename]Returns incorrectly spelled words in a file. -b Type spell -b [filename] Checks for spelling based on  British usage. talk (Talk To Other User):vType talk [username]Splits screen so you can have a conversation with another user currently logged into the system. telnet (Remote Login):bType telenet [systemhostname]Allows remote login to another computer using the Telenet protocol. uncompress (Uncompress File): fType uncompress [filename] Uncompresses a compressed file (usually a file with ".Z" appended to it).wc (Word Count): Z write (Write To User):JType write [username]Sends a text message to a user. Use CTRL-D to exit. who (Display Current Users): WType who Displays username and status about the users currently logged on the system.More Reading Materials - grep (Search Files): ¾Type grep -i "[data]" [filename] Searches for patterns or expressions in a file or multiple files within a directory, displaying the results of the search.-i instructs grep to ignore caseC€ &`‹3FoÕ1 @†"DATA.APPf@Table1"Command: 2 œÿÿÿd"Details:ÿÿÿÿœÿÿÿd@‰ . R€&`‹3FoÕ1¨·@7@‰ . 7W€&`‹3FoÕ1¨·Ž†