"Vostok-1","(USSR)","Kedr (Cedar)","1961, April 12","Gagarin","Cosmonaut Yuri Garagin became the first human in space."
"Vostok-2","(USSR)","Orel (Eagle)","1961, August 6","Titov","Titov was the first to spend an entire day in space."
"Mercury-4","NASA","Liberty Bell-7","1961, July 21","Grissom","The second US sub-orbital flight, reaching an altitude of 126 miles"
"Mercury-3","NASA","Freedom 7","1961, May 5","Shepard","Alan Shepard became the first American in space during a fifteen minute sub-orbital flight"
"Vostok-3","(USSR)","Sokol (Falcon)","1962, August 11","Nikolayev","First four-day flight and first "
"Vostok-4","(USSR)","Berkut (Golden Eagle)","1962, August 12","Popovich","The other half of the first "
"Mercury-6","NASA","Friendship 7","1962, February 20","Glenn","The first US manned orbital flight at an orbit 100-162 miles from the  Earth."
"Mercury-7","NASA","Aurora 7","1962, May 24","Carpenter","The second US manned orbital flight which orbited the Earth three times."
"Mercury-8","NASA","Sigma 7","1962, October 3","Schirra","Walter Schirra orbited the Earth six times during this 9 hour mission."
"Vostok 5","(USSR)","Yastreb (Hawk)","1963, June 14","Bykovsky","Bykovsky set an endurance record of 5 days in space."
"Vostok 6","(USSR)","Chaika (Seagull)","1963, June 16","Tereshkova","This mission marked the first woman in space."
"Mercury 9","NASA","Faith 7","1963, May 15","Cooper","Cooper pilots the longest and last Mercury mission, totalling 34 hours in space."
"Voskhod 1","(USSR)","Rubin (Ruby)","1964, October 12","Komarov, Feoktistov, Yegorov","The first space crew, with one pilot and two passengers.  The capsule was so crowded that the crew did not wear spacesuits.  All suffered from space sickness."
"Gemini-Titan 5","NASA","Gemini 5","1965, August 21","Cooper, Conrad","Cooper and Conrad set the world endurance record by spending 8 days in orbit.  This proved that humans could survive in space long enough to travel to the moon and back."
"Gemini-Titan 7","NASA","Gemini 7","1965, December 4","Borman, Lovell","This mission set yet another endurance record of 13 days and made the first American rendezvous between two manned spacecraft with Gemini 6"
"Gemini-Titan 6-A","NASA","Gemini 6","1965, December 15","Schirra, Stafford","Gemini 6 rendezvoused with Gemini 7 coming within one foot of the other."
"Gemini-Titan 4","NASA","Gemini 4","1965, June 3","McDivitt, White","This mission set a four-day endurance record.  White made the first American spacewalk for 21 minutes."
"Voskhod 2","(USSR)","Almaz (Diamond)","1965, March 18","Belyavyev, Leonov","Leonov became the first person to walk in space.  They landed far from their designated spot and ended up in the Ural mountains.  It took two days for the rescue team to find them."
"Gemini-Titan 3","NASA","Molly Brown","1965, March 23","Grissom, Young","Starting the Gemini program, this spacecraft was the first to carry a computer for guidance and was powered by rocket.  The manueverability of this craft led to the eventual rendezvous and docking of vehicles in space."
"Gemini-Titan 10","NASA","Gemini 10","1966, July 18","Young, Collins","Gemini 10 reached a record altitude of 468 miles (752km).  The craft rendevoused and docked two different Agena targets and Collins performed two spacewalks."
"Gemini-Titan 9-A","NASA","Gemini 9","1966, June 3","Stafford, Cernan","Gemini 9 rendezvoused with the Augmented Target Docking Adaptor, but were unable to dock with the vehicle."
"Gemini-Titan 8","NASA","Gemini 8","1966, March 16","Armstrong, Scott","Armstrong and Scott perform the first docking in space with another space vehicle - an Agena target rocket.  The mission was prematurely terminated after only 10 hours and 41 minutes due to problems with a stuck thruster."
"Gemini-Titan 12","NASA","Gemini 12","1966, November 11","Lovell, Aldrin","In this last Gemini mission, Aldrin made three spacewalks totaling 5.5 hours.  He performed several simple tasks with tools outside the spacecraft."
"Gemini-Titan 11","NASA","Gemini 11","1966, September 12","Conrad, Gordon","Gemini made the first American autopilot reentry and landing.  A new record altitude was made of 850 miles (1360km).  Gemini made a rendezvous and docking with a target Agena and Gordon made two spacewalks."
"Soyuz 1","(USSR)","Rubin (Ruby)","1967, April 23","Komarov","Cosmonaut Komarov launches the first Soyuz mission.  The spacecraft experienced problems in maintaining its orientation. When Komarov attempted a reentry, Soyuz 1 crashed and killed him."
"Apollo-Saturn 204","NASA","Apollo 1","1967, January 27","Grissom, White, Chaffee","While training for a fourteen-day mission scheduled for launch in February,  astronauts Grissom, White, and Chaffee were killed in a fire aboard the Apollo  1."
"Apollo-Saturn 8","NASA","Apollo 8","1968, December 21","Borman, Lovell, Anders","This Saturn 5 rocket sent the astronauts to the far side of the moon, a first in manned flight.  They made ten orbits around the moon on this most powerful rocket ever used in manned flight."
"Apollo-Saturn 7","NASA","Apollo 7","1968, October 11","Schirra, Eisele, Cunningham","The Apollo spacecraft makes its first flight as the astronauts perform several tests during its 11 days in orbit.  The first live television pictures from space occurs on this mission."
"Soyuz 3","(USSR)","Argon","1968, October 26","Beregovoy","First manned flight of the redesigned Soyuz craft.  The mission completed a rendezvous with the unmanned Soyuz 2."
"Soyuz 4","(USSR)","Amur","1969, January 14","Shatalov","Soyuz 4 was joined by Soyuz 5 on January 15.  Shatalov piloted the rendevous and docking on January 16 with Soyuz 5 and then Yeliseyev and Khrunov took a spacewalk over to Soyuz 4.  The three returned to Earth together."
"Soyuz 5","(USSR)","Baikal","1969, January 15","Volynov, Yeliseyev, Khrunov","Soyuz 5 was docked by Soyuz 4.  Yeliseyev and Khrunov transferred over to vSoyuz 4 and Volynov returned to earth alone."
"Apollo-Saturn 11","NASA","Apollo 11","1969, July 16","Armstrong, Collins, Aldrin","Apollo 11 successfully completed the first manned mission to the lunar surface.  At 10:56am on July 20, Neil Armstrong became the first human to walk on the moon, joined 18 minutes by Aldrin.  Armstrong and Aldrin remained on the surface for 20 hours and took a two-hour moonwalk."
"Apollo-Saturn 9","NASA","Apollo 9","1969, March 3","McDivitt, Scott, Schweickart","McDivitt and Schweickart made the first manned test of the lunar module (lm), while Scott remained aboard the command module (cm)."
"Apollo-Saturn 10","NASA","Apollo 10","1969, May 18","Stafford, Young, Cernan","This mission was a dress rehearsal for a lunar landing.  The lunar module came within 10 miles of the surface of the moon and took photographs of the Apollo 11 landing site."
"Apollo-Saturn 12","NASA","Apollo 12","1969, November 14","Conrad, Gordon, Bean","Apollo 12 made the second landing on the moon.  Conrad and Bean collected 31 kilograms of lunar rock and soil, and retrieved parts of the unmanned Surveyor 3 spacecraft."
"Soyuz 6","(USSR)","Antei (Anteus)","1969, October 11","Shonin, Kubasov","Soyuz 6, 7, and 8 were launched within a day of each other, putting a total of seven cosmonauts in space at the same time for a joint mission.  Kubasov performed the first space welding experiment."
"Soyuz 7","(USSR)","Buran (Snowstorm)","1969, October 12","Filipchenko, Volkov, Gorbatko","Soyuz 6, 7, and 8 were launched within a day of each other, putting a total of seven cosmonauts in space at the same time for a joint mission."
"Soyuz 8","(USSR)","Granit (Granite)","1969, October 13","Shatalov, Yeliseyev","Soyuz 6, 7, and 8 were launched within a day of each other, putting a total of seven cosmonauts in space at the same time for a joint mission."
"Apollo-Saturn 13","NASA","Apollo 13","1970, April 11","Lovell, Swigert, Haise","The third manned lunar landing was aborted due to an explosion aboard the command module on April 13.  Lovell, Swigert, and Haise used the lunar module as a lifeboat.  Through the heroic work of the astronauts and ground engineers, the spacecraft and crew returned safely to Earth."
"Soyuz 9","(USSR)","Sokol (Falcon)","1970, June 1","Nikolayev, Sevastyanov","This eighteen-day flight set a new endurance record.  However, the two astronauts had to be carried from the spacecraft after landing."
"Soyuz 10","(USSR)","Granit (Granite)","1971, April 23","Shatalov, Yeliseyev, Rukavishnikov","Soyuz 10 was launched four days after Salyut, the first Soviet space station.  The cosmonauts docked the station, but were unable to enter."
"Apollo-Saturn 14","NASA","Apollo 14","1971, January 31","Shepard, Roosa, Mitchell","Apollo 14 was the third successful lunar landing mission.  This mission was the first to use a tool cart on the moon, for the collection of more rock and soil samples."
"Apollo-Saturn 15","NASA","Apollo 15","1971, July 26","Scott, Worden, Irwin","Scott and Irwin became the first astronauts to use the Lunar Roving Vehicle during the fourth successful lunar landing."
"Soyuz 11","(USSR)","Yantar (Amber)","1971, June 6","Dobrovolsky, Volkov, Patsayev","These cosmonauts became the first crew of the Salyut 1 space station.  They were in orbit for 24 days, completing experiments, observations, and other tasks.  The mission ended in tragedy when all three cosmonauts were killed by a sudden cabin leak on Yantar prior to their return to Earth."
"Apollo-Saturn 16","NASA","Apollo 16","1972, April 16","Young, Mattingly, Duke","Young and Duke visited the previously unexplored lunar highlands,  using the Lunar Rover a second time."
"Apollo-Saturn 17","NASA","Apollo 17","1972, December 7","Cernan, Evans, Schmitt","Apollo 17 was the last lunar landing mission.  Cernan and Schmitt completed three moon walks, obtained rock and soil samples, and used a lunar rover to cover more than 18 miles (30km) of territory."
"Soyuz 13","(USSR)","Kavkaz (Caucasus)","1973, December 18","Klimuk, Lebedev","Soyuz 13 carried the Orion astrophysical observatory, which was never deployed to the Salyut space station.  Klimuk and Lebedev observed Comet Kahoutek as did the Skylab astronauts.  It was the first time that Soviet and American space travelers were in orbit simultaneously."
"Skylab SL-3","NASA","Skylab","1973, July 23","Bean, Garriott, Lousma","These astronauts became the second crew of Skylab.  After a period of severe motion sickness, the crew settled down to a regular schedule of experiments and observations, speanding 60 days in orbit."
"Skylab SL-2","NASA","Skylab","1973, May 25","Conrad, Kerwin, Weitz","The first American laboratory in space, Skylab, was launched on the last Saturn 5 rocket, to be joined on May 25 by its crew: Conrad, Weitz (the first American physician-astronaut), and Kerwin.  The crew made repairs to the lab which was damaged during launch. They spent 28 days in space performing experiments and observations."
"Skylab SL-4","NASA","Skylab","1973, November 15","Carr, Gibson, Pogue","These astronauts became the final crew of Skylab, completing an 84-day mission of experiments and observations.  They obtained observations of Comet Kohoutek, as well as an impressive solar flare.  They returned safely on February 8, 1974.  Skylab itself re-entered the Earth's atmosphere in 1979 and broke into numerous pieces which scattered over the Pacific Ocean and Australia."
"Soyuz 12","(USSR)","Urals","1973, September 27","Lazarev, Makarov","Using a redesigned spacecraft, Soyuz 12 went through a systems check on a two-day mission.  The cosmonauts of this mission became the first to wear spacesuits in flight since 1965."
"Soyuz 15","(USSR)","Dunai (Danube)","1974, August 26","Sarafanov, Demin","Soyuz 15 had to cut its trip to Salyut 3 for a two-week mission short when their guidance system failed.  They returned to Earth safely."
"Soyuz 16","(USSR)","Buran (Snowstorm)","1974, December 2","Filipchenko, Rukavishnikov","This mission was a dress rehearsal for the Soviet-American flight scheduled for July 1975.  NASA ground stations tracked Soyuz 16 after launch."
"Soyuz 14","(USSR)","Berkut (Golden Eagle)","1974, July 3","Popovich, Artyukhin","These two astronauts conducted the USSR's first successful space station mission, spending 14 days aboard Salyut 3."
"Soyuz 17","(USSR)","Zenit (Zenith)","1975, January 11","Gubarev, Grechko","Gubarev and Grechko conducted experiments aboard Salyut 4 for 29 days."
"Apollo-Soyuz Test Project","(USA-USSR)","Apollo/Soyuz","1975, July 15","Leonov, Kubasov, Stafford, Brand, Slayton","A joint mission to link the last Apollo spacecraft with the Soyuz 19  spacecraft. Soyuz 19 lifted off first. Seven hours later Apollo lifted off. A rendezvous and docking with the Soyuz 19 spacecraft occured on July 17, and  the two crews shake hands and begin two days of activities together. The  spacecrafts separated on July 19."
"Soyuz 18","(USSR)","Kavkaz (Caucasus)","1975, May 24","Klimuk, Sevastyanov","Klimuk and Sevastyanov docked Salyut 4 and spent 61 days in orbit performing experiments."
"Soyuz 21","(USSR)","Baikal","1976, July 6","Volynov, Zholobov","The two cosmonauts spent 49 days in space for a mission devoted to manufacturing and military stuff.  They returned three weeks early due to physical and psychological problems."
"Soyuz 23","(USSR)","Rodon","1976, October 14","Zudov, Rozhdestvensky","Soyuz 23 made the first Soviet splashdown when its guidance system malfunctioned during an attempted docking of Salyut 5."
"Soyuz 22","(USSR)","Yastreb (Hawk)","1976, September 15","Bykovsky, Aksenov","Soyuz 22 made observations of the Earth's surface with the East German-built MKF-6 camera."
"Soyuz 26","(USSR)","Taimyr","1977, December 10","Romanenko, Grechko","Romanenko and Grechko set a space endurance record aboard Salyut 6, spending 96 days in space.  They were visited by two teams of cosmonauts and received supplies from an unmanned Progress spacecraft.  They returned to Earth aboard Soyuz 27."
"Soyuz 24","(USSR)","Terek","1977, February 7","Gorbatko, Glazkov","These two cosmonauts spent 17 days aboard Salyut 5 in a mission to collect military photos."
"Soyuz 31","(USSR)","Yastreb (Hawk)","1978, August 26","Bykovsky, Jaehn","Jaehn became the first German space traveler.  He and Bykovsky spent a week aboard Salyut 6 performing experiments."
"Soyuz 27","(USSR)","Pamir","1978, January 10","Dzhanibekov, Makarov","Dzhanibekow and Makarov docked Sakyut 6, swapped spacecraft with Romanenko and Grechko, and returned to Earth in Soyuz 26 after five days."
"Soyuz 29","(USSR)","Foton (Photon)","1978, June 15","Kovalenok, Ivanchenkov","These two cosmonauts set a new endurance record of 136 days in space as the second crew of Salyut 6.  They were visited by two teams of cosmonauts and received supplies from three Progess spacecraft.  They returned aboard Soyuz 31."
"Soyuz 30","(USSR)","Kavkaz (Caucasus)","1978, June 27","Klimuk, Hermaszewski","Hermaszewski became the first Polish cosmonaut in space.  He and Klimuk spent a week aboard Salyut 6 performing experiments."
"Soyuz 28","(USSR)","Zenit (Zenith)","1978, March 2","Gubarev, Remek","Czechoslovakian Remek became the first non-American, non-Soviet in space.  He and Gubarev joined the other cosmonauts aboard Salyut 6 and spent seven days doing experiments."
"Soyuz 32","(USSR)","Proton","1979, February 25","Lyakhov, Ryumin","Lyakhov and Ryumin set another endurance record of 175 days in space as the third crew of Salyut 6.  Some of their work included observations with a KT-10 radio telescope. They returned aboard Soyuz 34, which had been launched unmanned."
"Soyuz 35","(USSR)","Dnepr (Dnieper)","1980, April 9","Popov, Ryumin","ffffRyumin and Popov spent six months in space as the fourth crew of Salyut 6."
"Soyuz 37","(USSR)","Terek","1980, July 23","Gorbatko, Tuan","Tuan became the first Vietnamese in space as he and Gorbatko visited Salyut 6 and made a commemoration of the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympics."
"Soyuz T-2","(USSR)","Yupiter (Jupiter)","1980, June 5","Malyshev, Aksenov","This mission performed the first test flight of an improved Soyuz.  The new guidance system failed on approach to Salyut 6, but the astronauts were able to dock at Salyut 6 and spend three days with their fellow comrades."
"Soyuz 36","(USSR)","Orion","1980, May 26","Kubasov, Farkas","Farkas, the first Hungarian in space, and Kubasov visited Salyut 6 on their mission of 7 days."
"Soyuz T-3","(USSR)","Mayak (Beacon)","1980, November 27","Kizim, Makarov, Strekalov","During this 12-day mission, the cosmonauts made repairs to Salyut 6 in preparation for the fifth crew."
"Soyuz 38","(USSR)","Taimyr","1980, September 18","Romanenko, Mendez","Mendez became the first Cuban in space as he and Romanenko visited Salyut 6 for a week."
"STS-1","NASA","Columbia","1981, April 12","Young, Crippen","The first winged, reusable spacecraft, now known as Space Shuttle, to be launched."
"Soyuz T-4","(USSR)","Foton","1981, March 12","Kovalenok, Savinykh","Kovalenok and Savinykh became the fifth crew of Salyut 6.  Salyut 6 had well exceeded its design lifetime, but the cosmonauts spent 74 days there performing experiments and having guests (fellow cosmonauts, of course)."
"Soyuz 39","(USSR)","Pamir","1981, March 22","Dzhanibekov, Gurragcha","Gurragcha became the first Mongolian in space as he and Dzhanibekov visited Salyut 6 for a 7-day mission."
"Soyuz 40","(USSR)","Dnepr","1981, May 14","Popov, Prunariu","The first Romanian in space, Prunariu and Soviet Popov spent seven days aboard Salyut 6."
"STS-2","NASA","Columbia","1981, November 12","Engle, Truly","The second flight of Shuttle Columbia. Technical problems shortened the mission from five to two days."
"Soyuz T-7","(USSR)","Dnepr","1982, August 19","Popov, Serebrov, Savitskaya","Savitskaya became the second woman in space as she and fellow cosmonauts visited Salyut 7 for a 7 day mission."
"Soyuz T-6","(USSR)","Pamir","1982, June 24","Dzhanibekov, Ivanchenkov, Chretien","Chretien became the first French and Western European to go into space aboard a Soviet vehicle.  The three cosmonauts spent 7 days aboard Salyut 7."
"STS-4","NASA","Columbia","1982, June 27","Mattingly, Hartsfield","The fourth and final Shuttle flight test carried a Department of Defense experiment  and the first commercial experiment."
"STS-3","NASA","Columbia","1982, March 22","Lousma, Fullerton","The third Columbia Shuttle flight test."
"Soyuz T-5","(USSR)","Elbrus","1982, May 13","Berezovoy, Lebedev","Berezovoy and Lebedev spent an unprecedented 7 months in space aboard the new space station, Salyut 7.  During their mission they deployed a scientific satellite and performed several spacewalks."
"STS-5","NASA","Columbia","1982, November 11","Brand, Overmyer, Allen, Lenoir","First operational flight of the Space Shuttle and the first manned spacecraft to carry four crewmembers."
"STS-6","NASA","Challenger","1983, April 4","Weitz, Karol Bobko, Musgrave, Peterson","First flight of Shuttle Challenger.  The first spacewalk of the shuttle program was performed."
"STS-8","NASA","Challenger","1983, April 30","Truly, Brandenstein, Bluford, Gardner, Thornton","Bluford became the first African-American to go into space. First nighttime  launch and landing in the Shuttle program."
"STS-7","NASA","Challenger","1983, June 18","Crippen, Hauck, Fabian, Ride, Thagard","Ride became the first American woman to make a space flight.   The five-person crew that deployed three satellites."
"Soyuz T-9","(USSR)","Proton","1983, June 27","Lyakhov, Alexandrov","Lyakhov and Alexandrov spent five months aboard the Salyut 7/Kosmos 1443 complex.  Salyut 7 suffered a massive fuel leak that almost disabled the station and forced the cosmonauts to make two spacewalks for repairs.  They returned safely to Earth on Novermber 23."
"STS-9","NASA","Columbia, Spacelab","1983, November 28","Young, Shaw, Garriott, Parker, Lichtenberg, Merbold","First flight of the European Space Agency's Spacelab.  Scientists of the crew conducted 72 experiments."
"Soyuz T-11","(USSR)","Yupiter","1984, April 3","Malyshev, Strekalov, Sharma","Sharma became the first astronaut from India to make a spaceflight as he and his fellow cosmonauts spent a week aboard Salyut 7."
"41-C","NASA","Challenger","1984, April 6","Crippen, Scobee, Hart, van Hoften, Nelson","This mission accomplished the first capture, repair, and redeployment of a satellite.  The astronauts also deployed the long-duration exposure facility (LDEF)."
"41-D","NASA","Discovery","1984, August 30","Hartsfield, Coats, Mullane, Hawley, Resnik, Walker","First flight of the Shuttle Discovery.  The Continuous Flow  Electrophoresis Experiment was done and three satellites were deployed."
"41-B","NASA","Challenger","1984, February 3","Brand, Gibson, McNair, Stewart, McCandless","The first untethered spacewalk in history was made using the manned maneuvering unit (MMU)."
"Soyuz T-10","(USSR)","Mayak","1984, February 8","Kizim, Solovyov, Atkov","Kizim, Solovyov, and Atkov set a new endurance record by spending eight months aboard Salyut 7.  They spent most of their time doing medical research."
"Soyuz T-12","(USSR)","Pamir","1984, July 17","Dzhanibekov, Savitskaya, Volk","Savitskaya became the first woman to make a spacewalk during this 11-day resupply mission to Salyut 7."
"51-A","NASA","Discovery","1984, November 8","Hauck, Walker, Allen, Fisher, Gardner","Two new satellites were launched and two broken satellites were retrieved."
"41-G","NASA","Challenger","1984, October 5","Crippen, McBride, Sullivan, Ride, Leestma, Scully-Power, Garneau","First crew of seven.  The astronauts deployed the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite.  Sullivan became the first American woman to walk in space."
"51-D","NASA","Discovery","1985, April 12","Bobko, Williams, Seddon, Griggs, Hoffman, Walker, Garn","This mission deployed a communications satellite."
"51-B","NASA","Challenger, Spacelab","1985, April 29","Overmyer, Gregory, Lind, Thagard, Thornton, Wang, van den Berg","Spacelab 3, the first life sciences and space manufacturing Spacelab mission. 14 experiments were carried out."
"51-I","NASA","Discovery","1985, August 27","Engle, Covey, van Hoften, Lounge, Fisher","The astronauts deployed two satellites, then retrieved and repaired a third."
"51-C","NASA","Discovery","1985, January 24","Mattingly, Shriver, Onizuka, Buchli, Payton","The first classified U.S. Department of Defense Shuttle mission."
"51-F","NASA","Challenger, Spacelab","1985, July 29","Fullerton, Bridges, Henize, Musgrave, England, Acton, Bartoe","Spacelab 2 carried experiments in life sciences, plasma physics, astronomy, and solar physics."
"Soyuz T-13","(USSR)","Pamir","1985, June 6","Dzhanibekov, Savinykh","These two cosmonauts restored the dead Salyut 7 by spending 112 days performing repairs on the space station."
"51-G","NASA","Discovery","1985, June 17","Brandenstein, Creighton, Fabian, Nagel, Lucid, Baudry, Al-Saud","The first tri-national space crew deployed three satellites.   Nagel became the 100th American in space."
"61-B","NASA","Atlantis","1985, November 26","Shaw, O'Connor, Ross, Cleave, Spring, Walker, Neri Vela","The crew of Mission 61-B tested space construction techniques."
"51-J","NASA","Atlantis","1985, October 3","Bobko, Grabe, Hilmers, Stewart, Pailes","The first flight of Shuttle Atlantis was the second classified Department  of Defense Shuttle mission."
"61-A","NASA","Challenger, Spacelab D1","1985, October 30","Hartsfield, Nagel, Dunbar, Buchli, Bluford, Furrer, Messerschmid, Ockels","Spacelab D1 was controlled by the West German Federal Aerospace Research Establishment (DFVLR). It carried experiments concerning materials processing, communications, and microgravity."
"Soyuz T-14","(USSR)","Cheget","1985, September 17","Vasyutin, Grechko, Volkov","Soyuz T-14 was the first "
"61-C","NASA","Columbia","1986, January 12","Gibson, Bolden, Nelson, Hawley, Chang-Diaz, Cenker","This mission had lots of problems and had to be shortened."
"51-L","NASA","Challenger","1986, January 28","Scobee, Smith, Onizuka, Resnik, McNair, Jarvis, McAuliffe","All seven crew members were killed when Challenger exploded 75 seconds after launch.   McAuliffe was to be the first teacher in space."
"Soyuz T-15","(USSR)","Mayak","1986, March 13","Kizim, Solovyov","The 125-day Soyuz T-15 mission was one of the most difficult and successful  missions in Soviet space history.  Kizim and Solovyov activated the new Mir space station and then transferred over to Salyut 7 where they performed two spacewalks.  Then they flew back to the Mir space station to perform some system tests."
"Soyuz TM-4","(USSR)","Okean","1987, December 21","Titov, Manarov, Levchenko","Titov and Manarov completed the first year-long mission when they became the third Mir crew.  They performed three spacewalks, and several manufacturing and astronomical instruments."
"Soyuz TM-2","(USSR)","Taimyr","1987, February 6","Romanenko, Laveikin","Romanenko and Laveikin made up the second resident Mir crew.  Romanenko spent 326 days aboard the station while Laveikin spent 174 days there."
"Soyuz TM-3","(USSR)","Vityaz (Knight)","1987, July 22","Viktorenko, Alexandrov, Faris","Faris became the first Syrian in space as he and his fellow cosmonauts spent seven days in space.  Alexandrov replaced Laveikin on the Mir station, spending 160 days in space."
"Soyuz TM-6","(USSR)","Proton","1988, August 29","Lyakhov, Polyakov, Mohmand","Mohmand became the first space traveler for Afghanistan as he and his fellow cosmonauts visited the Mir station for seven days.  Polyakov stayed on Mir for 240 days to monitor the health of the resident crew."
"STS-27","NASA","Atlantis","1988, December 2","Gibson, Gardner, Mullane, Ross, Shepherd","The third classified Department of Defense Shuttle mission."
"Soyuz TM-5","(USSR)","Rodnik (Spring)","1988, June 7","Solovyov, Savinykh, Alexandrov","The first Bulgarian in space, Alexandrov and his fellow cosmonauts performed experiments for Bulgaria."
"Soyuz TM-7","(USSR)","Donbass","1988, November 26","Volkov, Krikalev, Chretien","The new crew for the Mir station recorded the first international spacewalk of French Chretien and Soviet Volkov.  Chretien returned after 24 days while the others stayed on Mir for 150."
"STS-26","NASA","Discovery","1988, September 29","Hauck, Covey, Lounge, Hilmers, Nelson","The Shuttle program's return to flight after the Challenger disaster."
"STS-28","NASA","Columbia","1989, August 13","Shaw, Richards, Leestma, Adamson, Brown","The fourth classified Department of Defense Shuttle mission."
"STS-29","NASA","Discovery","1989, March 13","Coats, Blaha, Buchli, Springer, Bagian","This mission deployed the third tracking and data relay satellite into orbit."
"STS-30","NASA","Atlantis","1989, May 4","Walker, Grabe, Thagard, Cleave, Lee","Deployed the radar mapping space probe Magellan, sending it on a nine-month voyage to Venus."
"STS-33","NASA","Discovery","1989, November 22","Gregory, Blaha, Carter, Musgrave, Thornton","The fifth Department of Defense Shuttle mission."
"STS-34","NASA","Atlantis","1989, October 18","Williams, McCulley, Lucid, Chang-Diaz, Baker","Deployed the space probe Galileo, sending it on its five-year mission to Jupiter."
"Soyuz TM-8","(USSR)","Vityaz (Knight)","1989, September 6","Viktorenko, Serebrov","This fifth Mir crew spent 166 days in space.  The crew added the Kvant 2 module to the station and also conducted the first tests of the Soviet manned manuevering unit during spacewalks."
"STS-31","NASA","Discovery","1990, April 24","Shriver, Bolden, McCandless, Hawley, Sullivan","Deployed the Hubble Space Telescope."
"Soyuz TM-10","(USSR)","Vulkan","1990, August 1","Manakov, Strekalov","The seventh Mir crew spent over 131 days in space."
"STS-35","NASA","Columbia","1990, December 2","Brand, Gardner, Hoffman, Lounge, Parker","This Spacelab mission performed astronomical experiments with the Astro 1 Spacelab."
"Soyuz TM-11","(USSR)","Derbent","1990, December 2","Afanasyev, Manarov, Akiyama","The first Soviet commercial passenger, Japanese newsman Akiyama spent 7 days with his fellow cosmonauts.  Afanasyev and Manarov stayed at Mir as the eighth crew for 175 days."
"Soyuz TM-9","(USSR)","Rodnik","1990, February 11","Solovyov, Balandin","Solovyov and Balandin became the sixth Mir crew as they spent over 179 days in space."
"STS-36","NASA","Atlantis","1990, February 28","Creighton, Casper, Hilmers, Mullane, Thuot","The sixth classified Department of Defense Shuttle mission."
"STS-32","NASA","Columbia","1990, January 9","Brandenstein, Wetherbee, Dunbar, Ivins, Low","This Shuttle mission deployed the Syncom IV-5 (Leasat) and returned the Long Duration Explosure Facility to Earth."
"STS-38","NASA","Atlantis","1990, November 15","Covey, Culbertson, Springer, Meade, Gemar","The last classified Department of Defense Shuttle mission."
"STS-41","NASA","Discovery","1990, October 6","Richards, Cabana, Melnick, Shepherd, Akers","Deployed the Ulysses space probe, sending it on a journey around the poles of the sun."
"STS-37","NASA","Atlantis","1991, April 5","Nagel, Cameron, Godwin, Ross, Apt","Deployed the Gamma Ray Observatory."
"STS-39","NASA","Discovery","1991, April 28","Coats, Hammond, Harbaugh, McMonagle, Bluford, Veach, Hieb","This unclassified Department of Defense Shuttle mission was devoted to military scientific experiments."
"STS-43","NASA","Atlantis","1991, August 2","Blaha, Baker, Lucid, Low, Adamson","This mission did experiments for the Freedom Space Station and extended-duration orbiter programs."
"STS-40","NASA","Columbia","1991, June 5","O'Connor, Gutierrez, Bagian, Jernigan, Seddon, Gaffney, Hughes-Fulford","This Spacelab mission studied life sciences."
"Soyuz TM-12","(USSR)","Ozon","1991, May 18","Artsebarsky, Krikalev, Sharman","Sharman became the first British citizen to go into space on this Mir mission.  Sharman spent 7 days in space while the others stayed on as the nine Mir crew."
"STS-44","NASA","Atlantis","1991, November 24","Gregory, Henricks, Voss, Musgrave, Runco, Hennen","This unclassified Department of Defense shuttle mission deployed an early warning satellite."
"Soyuz TM-13","(USSR)","Donbass","1991, October 2","Volkov, Aubakirov, Viehbock","Viehbock became the first Austrian and Aubakirov became the first Kazakh in space as they spent seven days aboard Mir."
"STS-48","NASA","Discovery","1991, September 12","Creighton, Reightler, Gemar, Buchli, Brown","This mission deployed the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS)."
"STS-53","NASA","Discovery","1992, December 2","Walker, Cabana, Bluford, Ivins, Voss, Clifford","This was a Department of Defense mission."
"STS-42","NASA","Discovery","1992, January 22","Grabe, Oswald, Thagard, Readdy, Hilmers, Bondar, Merbold","This mission had the first International Microgravity Lab."
"Soyuz TM-15","(USSR)","Rodnik","1992, July 27","Solovyov, Avdeyev, Tognini","The 12th Mir crew mounted the Sofora propulsion module on the Mir complex."
"STS-46","NASA","Atlantis","1992, July 31","Shriver, Allen, Nicollier, Ivins, Hoffman, Chang-Diaz, Malerba","This international crew attempted to unreel the twelve-mile-long Italian Tethered Satellite.  The TSS experiment had to be abandoned."
"STS-50","NASA","Columbia","1992, June 25","Richards, Ken Bowersox, Dunbar, Baker, Meade, DeLucas, Trinh","This mission had the first U.S. Microgravity Lab."
"Soyuz TM-14","(USSR)","Vityaz","1992, March 17","Viktorenko, Kaleri, Flade","The 11th Mir crew spent the majority of its 145 days in space on Earth resource missions."
"STS-45","NASA","Atlantis","1992, March 24","Bolden, Duffy, Sullivan, Leestma, Foale, Frimout, Lichtenberg","This mission had ATLAS and studied the Earth's atmosphere."
"STS-49","NASA","Endeavour","1992, May 7","Brandenstein, Chilton, Hieb, Melnick, Thuot, Thornton, Akers","This first flight of Endeavour captured, repaired, and redeployed the Intelsat VI-3 satellite."
"STS-52","NASA","Columbia","1992, October 22","Wetherbee, Baker, Veach, Shepherd, Jernigan, Maclean","This crew performed microgravity experiments."
"STS-47","NASA","Endeavour","1992, September 12","Gibson, Brown, Lee, Davis, Apt, Jemison, Mohri","This was the first Japanese Spacelab mission."
"STS-56","NASA","Discovery","1993, April 8","Cameron, Oswald, Foale, Cockrell, Ochoa","The crew deployed an ATLAS satellite."
"STS-55","NASA","Columbia","1993, April 26","Nagel, Henricks, Ross, Precourt, Harris, Walter, Schlegel","This was a German Spacelab mission."
"STS-61","NASA","Endeavour","1993, December 2","Covey, Bowersox, Musgrave, Thornton, Hoffman, Nicollier, Akers","The crew repaired the Hubble Space Telescope."
"STS-54","NASA","Endeavour","1993, January 13","Shriver, McMonagle, Runco, Harbaugh, Helms","The crew deployed a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite"
"STS-57","NASA","Endeavour","1993, June 21","Grabe, Duffy, Low, Sherlock, Wisoff, Voss","The crew performed several experiments in manufacturing."
"STS-58","NASA","Columbia","1993, October 18","Blaha, Searfoss, Seddon, McArthur, Wolf, Lucid, Fettman","The crew did experiments in the life sciences."
"STS-51","NASA","Atlantis","1993, September 12","Culbertson, Readdy, Newman, Bursch, Walz","The crew deployed two satellites during this mission."
"Soyuz TM-16","RCA","Mir EO-13 Crew","1993/01/24","Gennadiy Manakov, Alexander Polishchuk, Jean-Pierre Haignere (Down)",""
"Soyuz TM-17","RCA","Mir EO-14 Crew","1993/07/01","Vasili Tsibliyev, Alexander Serebrov, Jean-Pierre Haignere (Up)",""
"STS-61","NASA","Endeavour","1993/12/02","11 days, 7 crew: F. Story Musgrave, Thomas D. Akers, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, Kathryn C. Thornton, Richard O. Covey, Kenneth D. Bowersox, Claude Nicollier","Repair + 1st Servicing of Hubble Telescope"
"Soyuz TM-18","RCA","Mir EO-15 Crew","1994/01/08","Viktor Afanasyev, Yuri Usachyov, Valery Polyakov (Up)",""
"STS-60","NASA","Discovery","1994/02/03","8 days, 6 crew: Charles F. Bolden Jr., Kenneth S. Reightler Jr., Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, N. Jan Davis, Ronald M. Sega, Sergei Krikalev","Wake Shield Facility, Spacehab 2, Cosmonaut"
"STS-62","NASA","Columbia","1994/03/04","14 days, 5 crew: John H. Casper, Andrew M. Allen, Pierre J. Thuot, Charles D. 'Sam' Gemar, Marsha S. Ivins","Microgravity USMP-2, OAST-2, SSBUV/A, DEE"
"Soyuz TM-19","RCA","Mir EO-16 Crew","1994/07/01","Yuri Malenchenko, Talgat Musabayev, Ulf Merbold (Down)",""
"STS-65","NASA","Columbia","1994/07/08","15 days, 7 crew: Richard J. Hieb, Leroy Chiao, Donald A. Thomas, Chiaki Mukai, Robert D. Cabana, James D. Halsell, Jr., Carl E. Walz","International Microgravity Laboratory IML-2, etc."
"STS-64","NASA","Discovery","1994/09/09","11 days, 6 crew: Richard N. Richards, L. Blaine Hammond, Jr., Carl J. Meade, Mark C. Lee, Susan J. Helms, Jerry M. Linenger","Laser-Exp. LITE, SPARTAN-3, SAFER (EVA), ROMPS"
"STS-68","NASA","Endeavour","1994/09/30","11 days, 6 crew: Thomas D. Jones, Michael A. Baker, Terrence W. Wilcutt, Steven L. Smith, Peter J. Wisoff, Daniel W. Bursch","Space Radar Lab-2, GAS, Stamps, secondary payloads"
"Soyuz TM-20","RCA","Mir EO-17 Crew","1994/10/03","Alexander Viktorenko, Elena Kondakova, Ulf Merbold (Up), Valery Polyakov (Down)",""
"STS-66","NASA","Atlantis","1994/11/03","11 days, 6 crew: Donald (Don) R. McMonagle, Curtis (Curt) L. Brown, Ellen Ochoa, Joseph 'Joe' R. Tanner, Jean-Francois Clervoy, Scott E. Parazynski","ATLAS-3, CRISTA/SPAS, ESCAPE-2, etc."
"STS-63","NASA","Discovery","1995/02/03","8 days, 6 crew: James D. Wetherbee, Eileen M. Collins, C. Michael Foale, Janice E. Voss, Bernard A. Harris, Vladimir G. Titov","Near-Mir, SPACEHAB/3, 2d Cosmonaut, SPARTAN-4"
"STS-67","NASA","Endeavour","1995/03/02","17 days, 7 crew: Stephen S. Oswald, William G. Gregory, John M. Grunsfeld, Wendy B. Lawrence, Tamara E. Jernigan, Samuel T. Durrance, Ronald Parise","2nd UV Astronomy Spacelab (ASTRO-2), Middeck"
"Soyuz TM-21","RCA","Mir EO-18 Crew","1995/03/14","Vladimir Dezhurov (Up), Gennady Strekalov (Up), Norman Thagard (Up), Anatoly Solovyov (Down), Nikolai Budarin (Down)",""
"STS-71","NASA","Atlantis","1995/06/27","10 days, 7u 8d crew: Robert L. Hoot Gibson, Charles J. Precourt, Ellen S. Baker, Gregory J. Harbaugh, Bonnie Dunbar, Anatoly Y. Solovyev (Up), Nikolai M. Budarin (Up), Vladimir Dezhurov (Down), Gennady Strekalov (Down), Norm Thagard (Down)","1st Mir Docking/Crew Exchange, 100th U.S. Human Spaceflight, SL-M"
"STS-70","NASA","Discovery","1995/07/13","9 days, 5 crew: Terence 'Tom' Henricks, Kevin Kregel, Donald Thomas, Nancy Currie, Mary Ellen Weber","TDRSS-G, crystal growth and biological experiments"
"Soyuz TM-22","RCA","Mir EO-20 Crew","1995/09/03","Yuri Gidzenko, Sergei Avdeyev, Thomas Reiter",""
"STS-69","NASA","Endeavour","1995/09/07","11 days, 5 crew: David M. Walker, Kenneth D. Cockrell, James S. Voss, Jim Newman, Michael L. Gernhardt","Wake Shield Facility (2nd flight), SPARTAN, 30th Shuttle-EVA"
"STS-73","NASA","Columbia","1995/10/20","16 days, 7 crew: Kenneth D. Bowersox, Kent Rominger, Kathryn Thornton, Catherine Coleman, Michael Lopez-Alegria, Fred Leslie, Albert Sacco","USML-2, Educational experiments"
"STS-74","NASA","Atlantis","1995/11/12","8 days, 5 crew: Kenneth Cameron, James Halsell, Chris Hadfield, Jerry Ross, William McArthur","Second Mir linkup; delivered Docking Module, solar arrays, etc."
"STS-72","NASA","Endeavour","1996/01/11","9 days, 6 crew: Brian Duffy, Brent W. Jett, Leroy Chiao, Daniel T. Barry, Winston E. Scott, Koichi Wakata","SFU-Retrieval, SPARTAN/OAST Flyer, 2 EVAs"
"Soyuz TM-23","RCA","Mir EO-21 Crew","1996/02/21","Yuri Onufrienko, Yuri Usachyov, Claudie Andre-Deshays (Down)",""
"STS-75","NASA","Columbia","1996/02/22","16 days, 7 crew: Andrew M. Allen, Scott J. 'Doc' Horowitz, Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, Maurizio Cheli, Claude Nicollier, Umberto Guidoni","Tether Satellite TSS-1R, USMP-3, OARE"
"STS-76","NASA","Atlantis","1996/03/22","9 days, 6u 5d crew: Kevin P. Chilton, Richard A. Searfoss, Ronald M. Sega, Michael Richard 'Rich' Clifford, Linda M. Godwin, Shannon W. Lucid (up)","Mir-Docking/3, Spacehab"
"STS-77","NASA","Endeavour","1996/05/19","10 days, 6 crew: John Casper, Curtis Brown, Andrew Thomas, Dan Bursch, Mario Runco, Marc Garneau","Inflatable Antenna Exp. (IAE), Spacehab-4, SPARTAN, TEAMS"
"STS-78","NASA","Columbia","1996/06/20","17 days, 7 crew: Tom Henricks, Kevin Kregel, Rick Linnehan, Susan Helms, Charles Brady, Jean-Jacques Favier, Robert Thirsk","Life/Microgravity Spacelab (LMS), SAREX-II"
"Soyuz TM-24","RCA","Mir EO-22 Crew","1996/08/17","Valery Korzun, Aleksander Kaleri, Claudie Andre-Deshays (Up), Reinhold Ewald (Down)",""
"STS-79","NASA","Atlantis","1996/09/16","10 days, 6 crew: William Readdy, Terry Wilcutt, Jay Apt, Tom Akers, Carl Walz,  John Blaha (Up), Shannon Lucid (Down)","Mir Docking/4, SpaceHab DM, Crew Exchange"
"STS-80","NASA","Columbia","1996/11/19","18 days, 5 crew: Kenneth D. Cockrell, Kent V. Rominger, Tamara E. Jernigan, Thomas David Jones, F. Story Musgrave","ORFEUS-SPAS, WSF-3"
"STS-81","NASA","Atlantis","1997/01/12","10 days, 6 crew: Mike Baker, Brent Jett, Jeff Wisoff, John Grunsfeld, Marsha Ivins, Jerry Linenger (Up), John Blaha (Down)","Mir-Docking/5, SpaceHab-DM"
"Soyuz TM-25","RCA","Mir EO-23 Crew","1997/02/10","Vasiliy Tsibliyev, Aleksandr Lazutkin, Reinhold Ewald (Up)",""
"STS-82","NASA","Discovery","1997/02/11","10 days, 7 crew: Kenneth Bowersox, Scott Horowitz, Joseph Tanner, Steven Hawley, Gregory Harbaugh, Mark Lee, Steven Smith","Hubble Service Mission 2: 5 EVAs; replaced 10 instruments"
"STS-83","NASA","Columbia","1997/04/04","4 days, 7 crew: Jim Halsell, Susan Still, Janice Voss, Mike Gernhardt, Don Thomas, Roger Crouch, Greg Linteris","Microgravity Science Lab MSL-1 - Returned 12 days early (fuel cell problem); Reflight as STS-94"
"STS-84","NASA","Atlantis","1997/05/15","9 days, 7 crew: Charles J. Precourt, Eileen Marie Collins, Jean-Franžois Clervoy, Carlos I. Noriega, Edward Tsang Lu, Elena V. Kondakova, C. Michael Foale (Up), Jerry Linenger (Down)","Mir Docking/6; Spacehab DM; Crew Rotation"
"STS-94","NASA","Columbia","1997/07/01","16 days, 7 crew: Jim Halsell, Susan Still, Janice Voss, Mike Gernhardt, Don Thomas, Roger Crouch, Greg Linteris","Microgravity Scicnce Lab MSL-1 reflight"
"Soyuz TM-26","RCA","Mir EO-24 Crew","1997/08/05","Anatoly Solovyov, Pavel Vinogradov, Leopold Eyharts (Down)",""
"STS-85","NASA","Discovery","1997/08/07","12 days, 5 crew: Curtis L. Brown, Jr., Kent V. Rominger, N. Jan Davis, Robert L. Curbeam, Jr., Stephen K. Robinson, Bjarni V. Tryggvason","CRISTA-SPAS Satellite (2nd), Japanese Manipulator (MFD)"
"STS-86","NASA","Atlantis","1997/09/25","11 days, 7 crew: James D. Wetherbee, Mike Bloomfield, Scott Parazynski, Vladimir Titov, Jean-Loup Chretien, Wendy Lawrence, David Wolf (Up), Michael Foale (Down)","Mir-Docking/7, SpaceHab-DM, Crew Exchange"
"STS-87","NASA","Columbia","1997/11/19","16 days, 6 crew: Kevin Kregel, Steve Lindsey, Kalpana Chawla, Winston Scott, Takao Doi, Leonid Kadenyuk","4th U.S. Microgravity Payload USMP-4, SPARTAN-201, 2 EVAs"
"STS-89","NASA","Endeavour","1998/01/22","9 days, Crew: Terrence W. Wilcutt, Joe Frank Edwards, James F. Reilly, Michael P. Anderson, Bonnie J. Dunbar, Salizhan Shakirovich Sharipov, Andrew S.W. Thomas (Up), David A. Wolf (Down),","8th Mir Linkup, Crew Exchange, Cargo, SL/DM"
"Soyuz TM-27","RCA","Mir EO-25 Crew","1998/01/29","Talgat Musabayev, Nikolai Budarin, Leopold Eyharts (Up)",""
"STS-90","NASA","Columbia","1998/04/17","16 days, Crew: Richard A. Searfoss, Scott D. Altman, Kathryn 'Kay' Hire, Richard M. Linnehan, Dafydd 'Dave' Rhys Williams, Jay C. Buckey, James A. Pawelczyk","Neurolab (16th Spacelab),bioreactor,small plds.(3 GAS)"
"STS-91","NASA","Discovery","1998/06/02","10 days, Crew: Charles J. Precourt, Dominic L. Gorie, Wendy B. Lawrence, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Janet Kavandi, Andrew Thomas (Down), Valery Victorovitch Ryumin","9th and Final Mir Docking, SPACEHAB-SM and Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS)Experiment"