7:d:ìÖûèÇ3 Å" SwissADefaultO0! ð" SwissA$#,þdAbsatz-StandardschriftartO2! ð" SwissA$#+þ,þ$Text bodyO0! ð" SwissA$#,þ xListO0! ð" SwissA$#,þ xCaptionO0! È" SwissA$#,þ x xIndexO0! ð" SwissA$#,þDPreformatted TextO0! È" SwissA$#,þ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿР   j‚.ÆAêMedical Acronyms and Abbreviations- by Gareth Wild )  )Zip file last updated 1/5/2000 )  )Send additional entries or errors to: )  )gazwild@doctors.org.uk )  )Notes on Searching: )Searching for 'CIN' will find mediCINe, oxytoCIN etc. as well as Cervical )intraepithelial neoplasia. )Instead search for '.CIN' with a decimal point before the search string )-Symbols and Signs- t½ Half-life )# Fracture )c With (L. cum) NB bar over c )s Without (L. sine) NB bar over s )x Average NB bar over x )° No eg °temp=no temperature )-ve Negative )+ve Positive )L. Latin )Gr. Greek )Fr. French )6/24 Six hours )6/7 Six days )6/40 Six weeks pregnant (since LMP) )6/52 Six weeks )6/12 Six months )6yrs Six years )Para 2+1 Two pregnancies beyond 24/40, one before 24/40 )  )NB Micrograms should NOT be abbreviated eg to µg )  )'And' is abbreviated to & (not +) in this file eg A&E and U&E (not A+E and U+E) ).A .A Anaemia ).AA Amino acid ).AAA Abdominal aortic aneurysm ).AB Apex beat ).Ab Antibody ) Abortion ).AAC Antibiotic-associated colitis ).ABC Airway, breathing, circulation ).abd Abdomen ).ABE Acute bacterial endocarditis ).ABG Arterial blood gases ) Aortic bifurcation graft ).abn Abnormal ).ABPA Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ).ABVD Doxorubicin (Adryamicin), bleomycin,vinblastine, dacarbazine ).ABX Antibiotic ).ac Before meals (L. ante cibum) ).AC Abdominal circumference ).ACDF Anterior cervical discectomy (and) fusion ).ACE Angiotensin converting enzyme ).ACh Acetylcholine ).AChE Acetylcholine-esterase ).ACL Anterior cruciate ligament ).ACLS Advanced cardiac life support ).ACS Acute confusional state ).ACT Activated clotting time ).ACTH Adrenocorticotrophic hormone ).ACU Acute care unit ).AD Alzheimer's disease ).ADH Antidiuretic hormone ).ACL Anterior cruciate ligament ).ACV Assist control ventilation ).ad To, up to ).AD Alzheimer's disease ).ad lib as desired, freely (L. ad libitum) ).ADC AIDS dementia complex ).ADD Attention deficit disorder ).ADL Activities of day living ).ADP Adenosine diphosphate ).ADR Adverse drug reaction ).Adr Adrenaline ).A&E Accident and emergency ).AEM Ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring ).AF Atrial fibrilation ) Amniotic fluid ).AFB Acid-fast bacilli ).AFP Alpha-fetoprotein ).Ag Antigen ).AHA Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia ).AHP Abnormal head posture ).AICD Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator ).AID Automatic implantable defibrillator ) Artificially inseminated by donor ).AIDP Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy ).AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ).AIT Autologous intraoperative transfusion ).AJ Ankle jerk ).AKA Above-knee amputation ) Also known as ).Al Aluminium ).AL Arterial line ).alb Albumin ).ALL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ).ALP Alkaline phosphatase (.Alk phos) ).ALT Alanine aminotransferase ).ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ) Advanced life support ).AMA Against medical advise ).AMI Antibody mediated immunity ).AML Acute myeloid leukaemia ).AMP Adenosine monophosphate ).AMS Acute mountain sickness ).AMT Abbreviated mental test ).ANA Antinuclear antibody ).ANCA Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ).ANF Antinuclear factor ).ANLL Acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia ).ANS Autonomic nervous system ).AOL Activities of (daily) living ).AP Action potential ) Anteroposterior ).APACHE Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation ).APAG Antipseudomonal aminoglycosidic penicillin ).APB Abductor pollicis brevis ).APC Antigen presenting cell ).APRV Airway pressure release ventilation ).APH Antepartum haemorrhage ).APS Anti-phospholipid syndrome ).APTT Activated partial thromboplastin time ).APUD Amine precursor uptake decarboxylase ).aq Water ).AR Aortic regurgitation ).ARC AIDS-related complex ).ARD Acute respiratory disease ).ARDS Adult respiratory distress syndrome ).ARF Acute renal failure ).ARM Artificial rupture of membranes ).AS Ankylosing spondylitis ) Aortic stenosis ) Angelman syndrome ).ASA Acetylsalicylic acid ) American Society of Anesthesiologists ).ASAP As soon as possible ).ASD Atrial septal defect ).ASH Asymetric septal hypertrophy ).ASHD Arteriosclerotic heart disease ).ASIS Anterior superior iliac spine ).ASLO Anti-streptolysin O ).ASOT Anti-streptolysin O titre ).AST Aspartate aminotransferase ).ATC Around the clock ).ATLS Advanced trauma life support ).ATN Acute tubular necrosis ).ATP Adenosine triphosphate ).AV Atrioventricular ).AVCs Additional voluntary contributions ).AVM Arteriovenous malformation ).AVN Atrioventricular node ) Avascular necrosis ).AXR Abdominal x-ray (plain) ).AZT Azidothymidine (Zidovudine) ).B .Ba Barium ).BA Blood agar ).BAC Blood alcohol concentration ).BACOD Bleomycin, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide, vincristine (Oncovin), dexamethasone ).BACOP Bleomycin, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide, vincristine (Oncovin), prednisone ).BAL Bronchoalveolar lavage ) Blood alcohol level ) British anti-lewisite (Dimercaprol) ).BBB Bundle branch block ) Blood brain barrier ).BBT Basal blood temperature ).BCC Basal cell carcinoma ).BC Blood culture ) Birth control ).BCG Bacille Calmette-Guérin ).BCP Birth control pill ).BCR British comparative ratio (INR) ).BCT Brachiocephalic trunk ).bd Twice daily (L. bis die) ).BDI Birth, development, immunisations ).BDZ Benzodiazepine ).BE Barium enema ) Bacterial endocarditis ) Base excess ).BEAM Brain electrical activity mapping ).BEE Basal energy expenditure ).BET Benign essential tremor ).bHCG Beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin ).BHL Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy ).bid Twice a day (L. bis in die) ).bin Twice a night (L. bis in noctus) ).BKA Below-knee amputation ).BLS Basic life support ).BM Bowel movement ) Boehringer Mannheim (glucose test) ) Bone marrow ) Basement membrane ).BMA British Medical Assosiation ).BMG Bedside monitoring of glucose ).BMI Body mass index ).BMJ British medical journal ).BMR Basal metabolic rate ).BMT Bone marrow transplant ).BNF British national formulary ).BO Bowels opened ).BOC British Oxygen Company ).BOR Bowels opened regularly ).BP Blood pressure ) Brachial plexus ) British Pharmacopoeia ).BPD Biparietal diameter ).BPH Benign prostatic hypertrophy ).bpm Beats per minute ).BR Bed rest ).BS Blood sugar ) Breath sounds ).BSA Body surface area ).BSE Bovine spongiform encephalopathy ).BSO Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy ).BSV Breath sounds vesicular (normal) ) Binocular single vision ).BT Bleeding time ).BTL Bilateral tubal ligation ).BU Blood urea ).BUDU Bromovinyldeoxyuridine ).BUN Blood urea nitrogen ).BV Blood vessel ) Blood volume ).BW Body weight ).Bx Biopsy ).BXO Balanitis xerotica obliterans ).C .c With (L. cum) ).Ca Carcinoma ) Calcium ).CA Carbonic anhydrase ).CA19-9 Cancer-associated Ag 19-9 (pancreatic Ca) ).CA125 Cancer-associated Ag 125 (ovarian Ca) ).CABG Coronary artery bypass graft ).CAD Coronary artery disease ).CAF Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), 5-fluoruracil ).CAH Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ).cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate ).cap Capsule (L. capsula) ).CAPD Continuous ambullatory peritoneal dialysis ).CAT Computerised axial tomography ).CAV Cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin (Adriamicin), vincristine ).CAVH Continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration ).CAVS Calcific aortic valve stenosis ).CB Chronic bronchitis ).CBC Complete blood cell count ).CBD Common bile duct ).CBE Clinical breat examination ).CC Creatinine clearance ) Chief complaint ).CCCC Closed-chest cardiac compression ).CCF Congestive cardiac failure ).CCI Chronic coronary insufficiency ).CCr Creatinine clearance ).CCU Coronary care unit ).CCV Coronary care unit ).CD Cluster designation ) Controlled drug ) Crohn's disease ).CDCA Chenodeoxycholic Acid ).CDH Congenital displacement of the hip ).CDK Cyclin-dependant kinase ).CDT Clostridium difficile toxin ).C&E Creatinine and electrolytes ).CEA Carcino-embryonic antigen ).CEO Common extensor origin ).CF Clotting factor ) Coagulation factor ) Cystic fibrosis ) Cardiac failure ) Complement fixation ) Conversion factor ).CFC Colony forming cell ) Chlorofluorocarbon ).CFO Common flexor origin ).CFC Complement fixation test ).CGD Chronic granulomatous disease ).CGH Chorionic gonadotrphin ).CGL Chronic granulocytic (myelogeous) leukaemia ).ChB Batchelor of Surgery (L. Chirurgiae Baccalaureus) ).CHB Complete heart block ).CHC Child health clinic ).CHD Coronary heart disease ) Congenital heart disease ).CHF Congestive heart failure ).CHOP Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine (Oncovin), prednisone ).CI Contraindication ) Cardiac index ).CIBD Chronic inflammatory bowel disease ).CIC Cardiac inhibitory centre ).CIE Counter-current immuno-electrophoresis ).CIN Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ).CIS Carcinoma in situ ).CJD Creutzfeld-Jakob disease ).CK Creatine kinase ).CK-MB Creatine kinase myoglobin bound (cardiac isoenzyme) ).Cl Clubbing ).CL Corpus luteum (L.yellow body") ).CLL Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia ).CLO-test Campylobacter-like organism test (For Helicobacter pylori) ).CM Costal margin ).CME Continued medical education ).CMF Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluoracil ).CMI Cell-mediated immunity ).CML Chronic myeloid leukaemia ).CMV Cytomegalovirus ) Controlled mechanical ventilation ).CN Cranial nerve ) Cyanide ).CNS Central nervous system ).c/o Complaining of ).CO Carbon monoxide ) Cardiac output ).COAD Chronic obstructive airways disease ).COC Combined oral contraceptive ).COMLA Cyclophosphamide, vincristine (Oncovin), methotrexate, leucovorin, cytosine arabinoside ).COP Colloid oncotic pressure ).COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ).COX Cyclo-oxygenase ).CP Contaceptive pill ) Cor pulmonale ).CPAP Continuous positive airway pressure ).CPD Cigarettes per day ).CPK Creatine phosphokinase ).CPN Community psychiatric nurse ).CPR Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation ) Central pressure receptor ).CRB Chain recombinant bacteria ).CRC Colorectal carcinoma ).CRF Chronic renal failure ).CRH Corticotropin releasing hormone ).CRL Crownrump length ).CRM Circus re-entry movements ).CRP C-reactive protein ).CS Caesarian section ) Ortho-chlorobenzal malononitrile ) (US inventors, Ben Carson and Roger Staughton) ).CSE Combined spinal epidural ).CSF Cerebrospinal fluid ).CSM Committee on Safety of Medicines ).CSU Catheter sample of urine ).CT Computerised (axial) tomography ) Connective tissue ) Calcitonin ).CTCL Cutaneous Tcell lymphoma ).CTG Cardiotocograph ).CTR Cardiothoracic ratio ).CTS Carpal tunnel syndrome ).CTZ Chemoreceptor trigger zone ).CUSA Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspiration ).CV Cirriculum vitae ).CVA Cerebrovascular accident ).CVD Cardiovascular disease ).CVP Central venous pressure ).CVS Cardiovascular system ).Cx Cervix ).CXR Chest X-Ray ).Cy Cyanosis ).D .DAG Diacylglycerol ).DAT Diet as tolerated ).dB Decibel ).DBIL Direct bilirubin ).DBP Diastolic blood pressure ).D&C Dilatation and curettage ).DCIS Ductal carcinoma in situ (of breast) ).DCLA Day case local anaesthetic ).DCT Distal convoluted tubule ).DDAVP DeaminoDarginine vasopressin (desmopressin) ).D&E Dilatation and evacuation ).DEET Diethyl toluamide ).DES Diethylstibestrol ).DF Dihydrocodeine (DF-118) ).DFA Direct fluorescent antibody ).DFU Dead fetus in utero ).DG Dysalgesic ).DGH District general hospital ).DGI Disseminated gonococcal infection ).DH Delayed hypersensitivity ).DHR Dihydrofolate reductase ).DHS Dynamic hip screw ).DI Diabetes insipidus ) Donor insemination ).DIC Disseminated intravascular coagulation ).DICI Direct intracytoplasmic injection ).DIP Distal interphalangeal ).DIT Di-iodinated tyrosine ).DJD Degenerative joint disease ).DKA Diabetic ketoacidosis ).dl Decilitre ).DLE Drug-related lupus erythematosus ) Discoid lupus erythematosus ).DM Diabetes mellitus ) Dermatomyostis ).DMD Duchenne muscular dystrophy ).DMFO Eflornithine ).DMO District medical officer ).DMPP Dimethylphenylpiperazinium ).DMSA Dimercaptosuccinic acid ).DMSO Dimethyl sulphoxide ).DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid ) Did not attend ).DNP Dinitrophenyl ).DNR Do not resuscitate ).DNS Deviated nasal septum ).DOA Dead on arrival ) Date of admission ) Drugs of abuse ).DOB Date of birth ).DOD Date of death ).DoH Department of health ).DP Dorsalis pedis ).DPG Diphosphoglycerate ).DPL Diagnostic peritoneal lavage ).DPT Diphteria, pertussis, tetanus ).DR Delivery room ) Dissecting room ).DRG Diagnostic related group ).D&S Dilatation and suction ).DSA Digital subtraction angiography ).DSCG Disodium cromoglycate ).DSD Dry sterile dressing ).DSR Dynamic spatial reconstruction ).DT Diphteria tetanus ) Dilerium tremens ).DTIC Dacarbazine ).DTR Deep tendon reflex ).DU Duodenal ulcer ).DUB Disfuncional uterine bleeding ).DVLA Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency ).DVT Deep venous thrombosis ).D&V Diarrhoea and vomiting ).D/W Discussed with ).Dx Diagnosis ).DXM Dexamethasone ).DXT Deep radiotherapy ).E .EAM External auditory meatus ).EAR Estimated average requirement ).EBL Estimated blood loss ).EBM Evidence based medicine ).EBV Epstein-Barr virus ).EBW Expected birth weight ).EC Enteric coated ).ECF Eosinophil chemotactic factor ) Extra cellular fluid ).ECG Electrocardiogram (US-.EKG) ).Echo Echocardiogram ).ECM Erythaema chroniucum migrans ).ECT Electroconvulsive therapy ).ECV Extracellular volume ).EDC Estimate date of confinement ).EDD Estimate date of delivery ).EDH Extradural haematoma ).EDM End diastolic murmur ).EDP End-diastolic pressure ).EDTA Ethylene diamine tetra-acetate ).EEG Electroencephalogram ).EEL External elastic lamina ).EF Ejection fraction ).EFM Electronic fetal monitoring ).EGF Epidermal growth factor ).EHEC Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli ).EIA Electroimmunoassay ).EIEC Enteroinvasive E.coli ).ELISA Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay ).EM Electron microscope ).EMD Electromechanical dissociation ).EMG Electromyogram ).EMLA Eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics ).EMP Enzyme modified pork (insulin) ).EMS Early morning stiffness ).EMU Early morning urine ).EMW Early morning waking ).ENT Ears, nose and throat ).EOM Extraocular movements ).EP Ectopic pregnancy ).EPEC Enteropathogenic E.coli ).EPI Echo plane imaging ) Epinephrine (adrenaline) ).EPO Erythropoietin ).EPS Extrapyramidal symptoms ).EPSP Excitatory post synaptic potential ).ER Emergency room (USA) ) Endoplasmic reticulum ).ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ).ERS Evacuation retained secundines ).ESM Ejection systolic murmur ).ESR Erythocyte sedimentation rate ).ESRD End-stage renal disease ).ESV End systolic volume ).ESWL Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ).ET Endotracheal (tube) ) End tidal (pressure) ).ETT Endotracheal tube ) Exercise tolerence test ).ETEC Enterotoxigenic E.coli ).EUA Examination under anaesthetic ).EVD Extraventricular drain ).EVS Extra vascular space ).F .F Fluoride ).FA Fredrick's ataxia ).FAB French, American, British (classif. of AML) ).FAD Flavine adenine dinucleotide ).FAP Familial adenomatous polyposis ).FAS Fetal alcohol syndrome ).FB Finger breadth ) Foreign body ).FBC Full blood count ).FBG Fasting blood glucose ).FBS Fasting blood sugar ).FDP Fibrin degradation product ).Fe Iron ).FEC Fetal egg child ).FEV1 Forced expiratory volume (in 1 second) ).FF Force fluids ).FFA Free fatty acid ).FFD Fixed flexion deformity ) First field dressing ).FFP Fresh frozen plasma ).FH Family history ).FHM Fetal heart monitor ).FHR Fetal heart rate ).FI Fraction inspired (pressure) ).FIGO International federation of gynaecology & obstetrics ).FMF Fetal movements felt ) Familial mediterranean fever ).FMN Flavine mononucleotide ).FNA Fine needle aspiration ).FOB Faecal occult blood ).FOS Fiber-optic sigmoidoscopy ).FP False positive ).FPA Family Planning Association ).FRC Functional residual capacity ).FROEM Full range of eye movements ).FROM Full range of movement ).FS Frozen section ).FSH Follicle stimulating hormone ).FT Full-term ).FTA-ABS Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbed ).FTNVD Full-term, normal vaginal delivery ).FTI Free thyroxine index ).FTT Failure to thrive ).FU Follow up ).FUO Fever of undetermined origin ).FVC Forced vital capacity ).FWB Full weight bearing ).Fx Fracture (#) ) Family ).G .g Gram ).Ga Gallium ).GA General anesthesia ).GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid ).GAD Glutamic acid decardoxylase ).GAG Glycosaminoglycans ).GALT Gut-associated lymphoid tissue ).GB Gallbladder ).GBM Glomerular basement membrane ).GC Glucocorticoid ) Gonococcus ).GCA Giant cell arteritis ).GCS Glasgow coma scale ).GE Gastroenterology ).GFR Glomerular filtration rate ).GGT Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ).GH Growth hormone ).GHB Gamma-hydroxybutyrate ).GHRH Growth hormone releasing hormone ).GI Gastrointestinal ).GIFT Gamete intrafallopian transfer ).GIP Gastric inhibitory polypeptide ).GIT Gastro-intestinal tract ).GKI Glucose, potassium and insulin ).GMC General Medical Council ).GN Glomerulonephritis ).GnRH Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone ).GORD Gastroeosphageal reflux disease ).G6PD Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase ).GP General practitioner ).G&S Group aand save ).GSS Gerstmann-Straussler-Schneinker syndrome ).GST Glutathione-S-transferase ).GSW Gun shot wound ).GT Glutamyl transferase ).GTN Glyceryl trinitrite ).GTT Glucose tolerence test ).GU Genitourinary ) Gastric ulcer ).GUS Genitourinary system ).GUM Genitourinary medicine ).GVHD Graft-versus-host disease ).Gy Gray ).H .h Hour ).H/A Headache ).HACO High-altitude cerebral oedema ).HAGMA High ion gap metabolic acidosis ).HAPO High-altitude pulmonary oedema ).HAS Human albumin solution ).HAV Hepatitis A virus ).Hb Haemoglobin ).HB Heart block ).HBcAg Hepatitis B core antigen ).HBsAg Hepatitis B surface antigen ).HBIG Hepatitis B immune globulin ).HBO Hyperbaric oxygen ).HBP High blood pressure ).HBsAg Hepatitis B surface antigen ).HBV Hepatitis B virus ).HCG Human chorionic gonadotrphin ).HCO3- Bicarbonate ).hCS Human chorionic somatotrophin ).Hct Haematocrit ).HCV Hepatitis C virus ).HD Hodgkin's disease ) Huntington's disease ) Hospital discharge ).HDL High density lipoprotein ).HDN Haemolytic disease of the newborn ).HDON Haemolytic disease of the newborn ).HDU High dependency unit ).HDV Hepatitis D virus ).H&E Haematoxylin and eosin ).HELLP Haemolysis, Elevated-Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count ).Hep Hepatitis ).HES Hypereosinophilic syndrome ).HF Heart failure ).Hg Mercury (L. hydrargyrum) ).hGH Human growth hormone ).HHT Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia ).HHV Human herpes virus ).Hib Haemophilus influenzae B vaccine ).HIDA Hepatic immunodeficiency virus ).HIV Human immunodeficiency virus ).HIVD Herniated intervertebral disc ).HLA Human leukocyte-associated Ag ).HMG CoA Hydroxymethylglutamyl coenzyme A ).HNP Herniated nucleus pulposus ).H/O History of ).HO House officer ).HOCM Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy ).HOH Hard of hearing ).HONK Hyperosmotic natraemia and kalaemia ).HORF High-output renal failure ).HPC History of presenting complaint ).HPCR High pressure chronic retention ).HPOA Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy ).HPV Human papillomavirus ).HR Heart rate ).HRS Hepatorenal syndrome ).HRT Hormone replacement therapy ).hs Bedtime (L. hora somni) ).HS Heart sounds ).HSE Health and Safety Executive ).HSP Henoch-Schönlein purpura ).HSV Herpes vimplex virus ).Ht Haematocrit (=PCV) ) Height ).HT Hypertension ).HTLV Human T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma virus ).HUS Haemolytic uraemic syndrome ).Hx History ).I .I Iodine ).IAP Intraabdominal pressure ).IAT Intra-operative autotransfusion ).IBC Iron-binding capacity ).IBD Inflammatory bowel disease ).IBS Irritable bowel syndrome ).ICA Islet cell Ab ).ICC Intensive coronary care ).ICD International classification of diseases ).ICE Ideas, concerns, expectations ).ICF Intracellular fluid ).ICN Intensive care nursery ).ICP Intracranial pressure ).ICS Intercostal space ).ICSI Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection ).ICU Intensive care unit ).ID Identification ) Intradermal ).IDA Iron deficiency anaemia ).IDDM Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ).IDU Intravenous drug user ).IEL Internal elastic lamina ).IF Intrinsic factor ).IFA Immunofluorescent assay ).IFN Interferon ).Ig Immunoglobulin ).IGT Impaired glucose tolerence ).IH Inguinal hernia ).IHD Ischaemic heart disease ).IHSS Idiopathic hypertophic subaortic stenosis ).IL Interleukin ).ILD Interstitial lung disease ).IM Intramuscular ) Intramedullary ).IMB Inter-menstrual bleeding ).IMD Inherited metabolic disorder ).INH Isoniazid ).inj Injection ).INO Internuclear ophthalmoplegia ).INR Internationalised normalised ratio (prothrombin ratio) ).IOL Induction of labour ).IOP Intraocular pressure ).IP3 Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate ).IPPV Intermittent positive pressure ventilation ).IPSP Inhibitory post-synaptic potential ).IQ Intelligence quotient ).IR Infrared ).IRMA Immunoradiometric assay ).ISC Intermittent self-catheterisation ).ISDN Isosorbide dinitate ).ISMN Isosorbide mononitate ).ISO Isoprenaline ).ISQ No change (L. In status quo) ).ITP Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ).ITU Intensive therapy unit ).IU International units ).IUCD Intrauterine contraceptive device ).IUGR Intrauterine growth retardation ).IV Intravenous ).IVC Inferior vena cava ).IVDU Intravenous drug user ).IVF In vitro fertilisation ).IVI Intravenous infusion ).IVP Intravenous pyelogram ).IVRA Intravenous regional anaesthesia ).IVT Intravenous transfusion ).IVU Intravenous urogram ).J .J Jaundice ).JAMA Journal of the American Medical Asssosiation ).JGA Juxtaglomerular apparatus ).JVP Jugular venous pressure ).K .K Potassium (L. kalium) ).K4 Forth Korotkoff sound ).K5 Fifth Korotkoff sound ).KCCT Kaolin cephalin clotting time ).kg Kilogram ).kPa KiloPascal ).KJ Knee jerk ).KS Kaposi's sarcoma ).KUB Kidney, ureter, bladder ).L .l Litres ).L Left ) Lymphadenopathy ).LA Local anaesthetic ) Left atrium ).lac Laceration ).LAD Left axis deviation ) Left anteror descending (coronary artery) ).LAH Left atrial hypertophy ).LAHB Left anterior hemiblock ).LAK Lymphokine activated killer cell ).LAP Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase ).lap Laparotomy ).LATS Long acting thyroid stimulator ).LBBB Left bundle branch block ).LBW Low birth weight ).LCL Lateral collateral ligament (of knee) ).LCMV Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ).LD Legionnaires' disease ).LD50 Lethal dose (that will kills 50% of subjects) ).LDH Lactate dehydrogenase ).LDL Low density lipoprotein ).LFT Liver function test ).LH Luteinising hormone ).Li Lithium ).LIF Left iliac fossa ).LIMA Left internal mammary artery ).LKKSB Liver, kidney, kidney, spleen, bladder ).LKT Leukotrienes ).LL Lower limb ).LLL Left lower lobe ).LLQ Left lower quadrant ).LMA Laryngeal mask airway ).LMN Lower motor neurone ).LMP Last menstrual period ).LMS Left main stem (coronary a.) ).LMWH Low molecular weight heparin ).LOC Loss of consciousness ).LP Lumbar puncture ).LPHB Left posterior hemiblock ).LPS Lipopolysaccharide ).LQ Laterality quotient (handedness) ).LRTI Lower respiratory tract infection ).LSB Left sternal border ).LSCS Lower segment caesarian section ).LSD Lysergic acid diethylamide ).LT Long term ).LUL Left upper lobe ).LUQ Left upper quadrant ).LUSCS Lower uterine segment Caesarian section ).LV Left ventricle ).LVF Left ventricular failure ).LVH Left ventricular hypertrophy ).M .MAb Monoclonal antibody ).MAC Mycobacterium avium complex ) Minimum aveolar concentration ).mAChR Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ).MAF Macrophage activating factor ).MAFAT Mandatory anaesthetic fuck about time ).MAHA Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia ).MALT Mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue ).mane In the morning (L. morning) ).MAO Monoamine oxidase ).MAOI Monoamine oxidase inhibitor ).MAP Mean arterial pressure ).MASH Mobile army surgical hospital ).MAT Multi-focal atrial tachycardia ).MAU Medical assessment unit ).MB Bachelor of Medicine (L. Medicini Baccalaureus) ).MBC Minimum bactericidal concentration ).MC Mineralocorticoid ).MCA Middle cerebral artery ) Medicines Control Agency ).mcg Microgram ).MCH Mean cell haemoglobin ).MCHC Mean cell haemoglobin concentration ).MCL Midclavicular line ) Medial collateral ligament (of knee) ).MCP Metacarpophalangeal ).MC&S Microscopy, culture & sensitivity ).MCTD Mixed connective tissue disease ).MCU Micturating cysto-urethrography ).MCV Mean cell volume ).MD L.Medicinae doctor ).MDI Metered dose inhaler ).MDM Mid-diastolic murmur ).MDMA 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstacy) ).MDU Medical Defence Union ).ME Myalgic encephalomyelitis ).MEN Multiple endocrine neoplasia ).MESA Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration ).MET Maximum exercise test ).mg Milligram ).Mg Magnesium ).MG Myasthenia gravis ).MGF Maternal grandfather ).MGM Maternal grandmother ).MH Malignant hyperthermia ).MHC Major histocompatibility complex ).MI Myocardial infarction ).MIC Minimum inhibitory concentration ).MIF Macrophage inhibition factor ).MIT Mono-iodinated tyrosine ).ml Millilitre ).ML Malignant lymphoma ).MM Malignant melanoma ).mmHg Millimetres of mercury ).MMR Measles, mumps and rubella ).MMSE Mini-mental state examination ).MND Motor neurone disease ).MO Medical officer ) Microorganism ).MOF Multiple organ failure ).MOM Milk of magnesia ).MPGN Membrane proliferative glomerulonephritis ).MPL Mid-pupillary line ).MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ).MR Magnetic resonance (imaging) ) Mitral regurgitation ) Modified release ).MRI Magnetic resonance imaging ).MRS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ).MRSA Methacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus ).MS Multiple sclerosis ) Mitral stenosis  ).MSH Melanocyte-stimulating hormone ).MSK Medullary sponge kidney ) Musculoskeletal ).MSOF Multisystem organ failure ).MSSU Mid-stream sample of urine ).MST Morphine sulphate ).MSU Mid steam urine (sample) ) Monosodium urate ).MTC Minimum toxic concentration ) Medullary thyroid carcinoma ).MTP Metatarsophalangeal ).MTX Methotrexate ).MUA Manipulation under anaesthetic ).MV Minute volume ).MVP Mitral valve prolapse ).MW Molecular weight ).N .Na Sodium (L. natrium) ).NA Noradrenaline ).nAChR Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ).NAD No abnormalities discovered ) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ).NADP Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ).NAGMA Normal ion gap metabolic acidosis ).NAI Non-accidental injury ).NAS No added sodium ).NAT Negative automatic thoughts ).NB nota bene (L. note well) ) Newborn ).NBM Nil by mouth ).ND Notifiable disease ) Natural death ).NEC Necrotising enterocolitis ).NEJM New England Journal of Medicine ).NETT Nasal endotracheal tube ).NF Neurofibromatosis ).NFR Not for resuscitation ).NG Nasogastric ).NGT Nasogastric tube ).NGU Nongonococcal urethritis ).NHL Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ).NI Nonionised ).NIBP Noninvasive blood pressure (ie with a pressure cuff) ).NICE National Institute for Clinical Excellence ).NIDDM Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ).NIPPV Nasal inspiratory positive pressure ventilation ).NK Natural killer ).NKA No known allergy ).NKDA No known drug allergy ).NLMC Nocturnal leg muscle cramping ).NM Neuromuscular ).NMA Neuromuscular atrophy ).NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartic acid ).NMJ Neuromuscular junction ).NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance ).nocte Night ).NNH Number needed to harm ).NNS Number needed to screen ).NNT Number needed to treat ).NOF Neck of femur ).NOS Not otherwise specified ).NP Proper name ).NPH Normal pressure hydrocephalus ).NPN Non-protein nitrogen ).NPO Nil by mouth (L. nil per os) ).NPS Natriuretic peptide system ).NR Normal range ).NREM Non-rapid eye movement ).NS Normal saline ).NSAID Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ).NSCLC Non-small cell lung carcinoma ).NSR Normal sinus rhythm ).NSU Non-specific urethritis ).NTG Nitroglycerin ).NTP Normal, temperature and pressure ).nunc Now (L. nunc) ).N&V Nausea and vomiting ).NVD Normal vaginal delivery ).O .O/E On Examination ).OA Osteoarthritis ) Oral airway ) Occipitoanterior (presentation) ).OAF Osteoclast activating factor ).obs Observations ).OC Oral contraceptive ).OCD Obsessive compulsive disorder ).OCP Oral contraceptive pill ).od Once daily (L. omni die) ).OD Overdose ) Right eye (L. oculus dexter) ).ODA Operating dept assistant ).OETT Oral endotracheal tube ).OGD Oesophagogastoduodenoscopy ).O&G Obstetrics and gynaecology ).OGS Oxogenic steroids ).OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test ).OHS Open heart surgery ).OI Opportunistic infection ).OL Left eye (L. oculus laevus) ).OLD Obstructive lung disease ).om In the morning (L. omni mane) ).on At night (L. omni nocte) ).OOB Out of bed ).OP Occipitoposterior (presentation) ).OPA Outpatient appointment ).OPD Outpatient department ).Opp Opponens pollicis ).OPT Orthopantogram ).OR Operating room ) Odds ratio ).ORIF Open reduction internal fixation ).ORT Oral rehydration therapy ).os Mouth (L. os) ).OS Left eye (L. oculus sinister) ).OSCE Objectivelystructured clinical examination ).OT Occupational therapy ) Oxytocin ).OTC Over the counter (drugs) ).OU Each eye ).P (part 1) .P Pulse ).P&A Percussion and auscultation ).PA Posteroanterior ) Pulmonary artery ) Pernicious anaemia ).PABA Para-aminobutyric acid ).PaCO2 Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide ).PADP Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure ).PAF Platelet activating factor ).PAM Pulse amplitude modulation ).PAN Polyarteritis nodosa ).PaO2 Arterial partial pressure of oxygen ).pap Papanicolaou ).PAP Pulmonary artery pressure ).PAS Periodic Acid-Schiff (slide staining) ) Para-aminosalicylic acid ).PASP Pulmonary artery systolic pressure ).PAT Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia ).PAW Peak airway (pressure) ).PAWP Pulmonary artery wedge pressure ).PAYE Pay as you earn ).Pb Lead (L. plumbum) ).PBC Primary biliary cirrhosis ).PBP Penicillin-binding protein ).pc After meals (L. post cibum) ) Prescriber contacted ).PC Presenting complaint ) Pelvicalyceal (system) ).PCA Patient controlled analgesia ).PCB Post-coital bleeding ).PCC Post-coital contraception ).PCL Posterior cruciate ligament ).PCOS Polycystic ovary syndrome ).PCP Phenyl-cyclohexyl-piperidine (Phencyclidine) ) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ).PCR Polymerase chain reaction ).PCT Proximal convoluted tubule ).PCV Packed cell volume (=Ht) ).PCWP Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ).PD Potential difference ) Parkinson's disease ) Peritoneal dialysis ).PDA Patent ductus arteriosus ).PDE Phosphodiesterase ).PDGF Platelet derived growth factor ).PDS Polydioxanone (suture) ).PDT Photodynamic therapy ).PE Pulmonary embolism ).PEARL Pupils equal and reactive to light ).PEEP Positive end-expiratory pressure ).PEFR Peak expiratory flow rate ).PEG Pericutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ).PEM Protein-energy malnutrition ).PEMF Pulsating electromagnetic field ).per By or through (L. per) ).PERLA Pupils equal and reactive to light and accomodation ).PESA Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration ).P (part 2) .PET Pre-eclampsia toxaemia ) Positron emission tomography ).PFT Pulmonary function test ).PG Peptidoglycans ) Prostaglandins ).PGF Paternal grandfather ).PGM Paternal grandmother ).pH -log [H+] ).PH Past history ).PHP Pseudohypoparathyroidism ).PHR Peak heart rate ).PHA Phytohaemagglutinin ).PID Pelvic inflammatory disease ) Prolapsed intravertebral disk ).PIF Prolactin inhibiting factor ).pil Pill (L. pilula) ).PIN Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ).PIP Proximal interphalangeal ).PKU Phenylketonuria ).PLA Plasminogen activator ).PLA2 Phospholipase A2 ).PLAB Provisional and Linguistic Assessment Board ).PM Post mortem ) Polymyositis ).PMB Post-menopausal bleeding ).PMH Past medical history ).PMN Polymorphonuclear leukocyte ).PMO Post menopausal oesteoperosis ).PMP Previous menstrual period ) Plasma membrane potential ).PMR Polymyalgia rheumatica ).PMS Premenstrual sy ).PMT Premenstrual tension ).PN Percussion note ).pnc Prescriber not contacted ).PND Paroxysmal noctural dyspnoea ) Post-nasal drip ) Post-natal depression ).PNH Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria ).PNP Purine nucleoside phosphorylase ).PNS Parasympathetic nervous system ).po By mouth (L. per os) ).PoM Presciption only medicine ).PONV Postoperative N&V ).POP Plaster of Paris ) Progesterone-only pill ).POS Polycystic ovary syndrome ).POST Peritoneal oozyte sperm transfer ).PP Presenting part ) Postpartum ).PPD Purified protein derivative ).PPF Purified plasma fraction (albumin) ).PPF Post-partum haemorrhage ).PPI Proton pump inhibitor ).PPNG Penicilinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae ).PR By the rectum (L. per rectum) ).PRHO Preregistration house officer ).PRK Photorefractive keratotomy ).PRL Prolactin ).prn When required (L. pro re nata) ).pro tem As requiried ).PROM Premature rupture of membranes ).PRSP Penicillinase-resistant synthetic peicillin ).PRU Prerenal uraemia ).PRV Polycythaemia rubra vera ).PS Pulmonic stenosis ).PSA Prostatic specific antigen ).PSC Primary sclerosing cholangitis ).PSGN Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis ).PSM Pansystolic murmur ).PSS Progressive systemic sclerosis ).PSV Pressure support ventilation ).PSVT Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia ).pt Patient ).PT Prothrombin time ) Physiotherapy ) Pregnancy test ).PTA Prior to admission ).PTC Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography ).PTCA Percutaneous transarterial coronary angioplasty ).PTD Permanent and total disability ).PTH Parathyroid hormone ).PTHrP Parathyroid hormone related peptide ).PTRA Percutaneouus transluminal renal angioplasty ).PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder ).PTT Partial thromblopastin time ).PTU Propylthiouracil ).PTX Pneumothorax ).PUBS Percutaneus umbilical blood sampling ).PU Peptic ulcer ).PUD Peptic ulcer disease ).PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid ).PUJ Pyelo-ureteric junction ).PUL Percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy ).PUO Pyrexia of unknown origin ).PV By the vagina (L. per rectum) ).PVC Premature ventricular contraction ).PVD Peripheral vascular disease ).PVR Pulmonary vascular resistance ).PVS Persistant vegetative state ).PWP Pulmonary wedge pressure ).Px Prognosis ).Q .q Every ).q2h Every two hours (L. quaque secunda hora) ).qAM Every morning (L. quaque ante meridien) ).qd Every day (L. quaque dies) ).qds Four times daily (L. quater die sumendus) ).qh Every hour (L. quaque hora) ).qhs Every bed time (L. quaque hora somni) ).qid Four times a day (L. quater in die) ).qod Every other day (L. quaque o. die) ).qPM Every afternoon (L. quaque post meridien) ).qqh Every four hours (L. quarta quaque hora) ).R .R Right ) Resistant ) Roentgen ).RA Rheumatoid arthritis ) Right atrium ).RAD Radiation absorbed dose ).RAH Right atrial hypertrophy ).RAI Radioactive iodine ).RAP Right atrial pressure ).RAS Renin angiotensin system ) Reticular activating system ) Renal artery stenosis ).RAST Radioallergosorbent test) ).RBB Right breast biopsy ).RBBB Right bundle branch block ).RBC Red blood cell ).RBF Renal blood flow ).RBOW Rupture of bag of waters ).RCC Red cell count ).RCT Randomised controlled trials ).RDA Recommended daily allowance ).RDS Respiratory distress syndrome ).RDW Red cell distribution width ).REM Rapid eye movement ).RES Reticuloendothelial system ).RF Rheumatoid factor ).RFLP Restriction fragmentation length polymorphism ).RFT Respiratory function tests ).RGN Registered general nurse ).Rh Rhesus factor ).RhF Rheumatic fever ).RHF Right heart failure ).RIA Radioimmunoassay ).RICE Rest, ice, compresson, elevation ).RIF Right iliac fossa ).RIMA Right internal mammary artery ).RIND Reversible ischaemic neurologic deficit ).rINN Recommended international non-proprietary name ).RK Radial keratotomy ).RL Ringer's lactate ).RLD Restrictive lung disease ).RLL Right lower lobe ).RLQ Right lower quadrant ).RM Radial mastectomy ).RML Right middle lobe ).RMM Relative molecular mass ).RMO Resident medical officer ) Responsible medical officer (psych. cons.) ).RN Registered nurse ).RNA Ribonucleic acid ).RNI Reference nutrient intake ).R/O Rule out ).ROM Range of motion ).ROS Review of systems ) Removal of stitches ).RPF Retroperitoneal fibrosis ).RPGN Rapid progressive glomerulonephritis ).RPI Reticulocyte production index ).RPOC Retained products of conception ).rpt Repeat ).RQ Respiratory quotient ).RR Respiration rate ) Recovery room ).RRR Regular rate and rhythm (heart) ).RS Reye's syndrome ).RSI Repetitive strain injury ) Rapid sequence induction ).RSO Resident surgical officer ).RSR Regular sinus rhythm ).RSTL Resting skin tension lines (Langer's lines) ).RSV Respiratory syncytial virus ).R/T Related to ).rt-PA Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator ).RTA Road traffic accident ) Renal tubular acidosis ).RTI Respiratory tract infection ).RUL Right upper lobe ).RUQ Right upper quadrant ).RV Right ventricle ) Residual volume ).RVF Right ventricular failure ).RVH Right ventricular hypertrophy ) Renovascular hypertension ).Rx Treatment ).S .S Sensitive ).S1 First heart sound ).S2 Second heart sound ).SA Sinoatrial ).SABE Subacute bacterial endocarditis ).SADS Seasonal affective disorder syndrome ).SAH Subarachnoid haemorrhage ).SALT Skin-associated lymphoid tissue ).SAN Sinoatrial node ).SAP Serum alkaline phosphatase ).sat Saturated ).SB Seen by ) Stillbirth ).SBE Subacute bacterial endocarditis ).SBP Systolic blood pressure ) Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ).SC Subcutaneous ).SCA Sickle cell anaemia ).SCAT Sheep cell agglutination titre ).SCBU Special care baby unit ).SCC Squamous cell carcinoma ).SCD Sudden cardiac death ).SCID Severe combined immunodeficiency ).SCLC Small cell lung carcinoma ).SD Standard deviation ).SDH Subduraal haematoma ).SE Side effect ) Socio-economic ).SF Synovial fluid ).SFH Symphisis fundal height ).SGA Small for gestational age ).SGOT Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (=AST) ).SH Social history ).SHBG Sex hormone binding gobulin ).SHO Senior house officer ).SI Sacroiliac ).SIADH Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone ).SIDS Sudden infant death syndrome ).SIW Self-inflicted wound ).SL Sublingual ).SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus ).SLR Straight leg raise (Lasegue's sign) ).SMA Smooth muscle antibodies ).SMR Standardised mortality ratio ).SMS Somatostatin ).SNS Sympathetic nervous system ).SO2 Oxygen saturation ).SOA Swelling of ankles ).SOB Short of breath ).SOBOE SOB on exertion ).SOC State of consciousness ).SOL Space occupying lesion ).SPA Supra pubic aspiration ).SPC Suprapubic catheter ).SPECT Single photon emission computed tomography ).SPR Specialist registrar ).SR Slow release ) Senior registrar ).SRN State registered nurse ).SROM Spontaneous rupture of membranes ).SS Social services ) Systemic sclerosis ).SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ).SSS Sick sinus syndrome ).stat Immediately (L. statim) ).STD Sexually transmitted disease ).SUZI Subzonal sperm injection ).SV Stroke volume ).SVC Superior vena cava ).SVEB Supraventricular ectopic beat ).SVT Supraventricular tachycardia ).Sx Signs and symptoms ).SXR Skull Xray ).T .T° Temperature ).T3 Triiodothyronine ).T4 Thyroxine ).tab Tablet ).TATT Tired all the time ).TB Tuberculosis ).TBG Thyroxine binding globulin ).tbsp Tablespoon ).TBW Total body water ).Tc Technetium ).TCC Transitional cell carcinoma ).TCI To come in ).TCP Trichlorophenol ).TCR T-cell receptor ).TCRE Total cervical resection of endometrium ).tds Three times daily (L. ter die sumendus) ).TENS Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ).TET Tubal embryo transfer ).TG Triglyceride ).TGA Triglyceraldehyde ).THR Total hip replacement ).TI Therapautic Index ).TIA Transient ischaemic attack ).TIBC Total iron-binding capacity ).tid Three times daily (L. ter in die) ).TLC Tender loving care ) Total lung capacity ).TLE Temporal lobe epilepsy ).TM Tympanic membrane ).TMJ Temporomandibular joint ).TNF Tumour necrosis factor ).TOE Trans-oesophageal echocardiography ).TOP Termination of pregnancy ).TP Total protein ).tPA Tissue plasminogen activator ).TPH Transplacental haemorrhage ).TPN Total parenteral nutrition ).TPR Temperature, pulse, respirations ) Total periferal resistance ).TR Tricuspid regurgitation ).TRH Thyrotropin releasing hormone ).TS Tricuspid stenosis ) Tuberous sclerosis ).TSH Thyroid-stimulating hormone ).tsp Teaspoon ).TTA To take away (medication to take home) ).TTO To take out (medication to take home) ).TTX Tetrodotoxin ).TU Tuberculin units ).TUFT Trans-uterine fallopian transfer ).TURBT Transurethral resection of bladder tumour ).TURP Transurethral resection of prostate ).TV Tidal volume ).TVC Total vital capacity ).TVF Tactile vocal fremitus ).U .U Units ).UC Ulcerative colitis ).UDCA Ursodeoxycholic acid ).U&E Urea and electrolytes ).U/E Unemployed ).UG Urogenital ).UL Upper limb ).UMN Upper motor neurone ).ung Ointment (L. unguentum) ).URTI Upper respiratory tract infection ).USP United States Pharmacopoeia ).USS Ultrasound scan ).UTI Urinary tract infection ).V .VAL Visual accuity left ).VAR Visual accuity right ).VAT Ventricular activation time ).VB Venous blood ).VC Vital capacity ).VD Venereal disease ).VDRL Venereal disease research laboratory test (blood test for syphilis) ).VE Vaginal examination ) Ventricular extrasystole ).VER Visually evoked responses ).VF Ventricular fibrilation ).VIP Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ).VIWF Vibration induced white finger ).VLDL Very low density lipoprotein ).VMA Vanilyl mandelic acid (.HMMA) ).V/Q Ventilation:perfusion ratio ).VSD Ventricular septal defect ).VT Ventricular tachycardia ).VUJ Vesico-ureteric junction ).vWD Von Willebrand's disease ).Vx Vertex (presentation) ).VZV Varicella zoster virus ).W .WBC White blood count ).WCC White Cell Count (N after = neutrophils) ).W/E Weekend ).WHO World health organisation ).wk Week ).WPW Wolff-Parkinson-White sy ).WR Wasserman reaction ).wt Weight ).X .XS Excess ).Y .YAG Yttrium aluminium garnet (laser) ).yr Year ).Z .ZE Zollinger-Ellison sy ).ZIFT Zygote intra-fallopian transfer ).Zn Zinc ).ZN 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