Pm†þ¡Uª@f¡Y @ @i @09@iTable1ColA1 2ColB1ColA2ColB2 @ €&a4Aby Gareth Wild Zip file last updated 1/5/2000 Send additional entries or errors to: gazwild@doctors.org.uk Notes on Searching:Searching for 'CIN' will find mediCINe, oxytoCIN etc. as well as Cervicalintraepithelial neoplasia.Instead search for '.CIN' with a decimal point before the search stringðAt½ Half-life# Fracturec With (L. cum) NB bar over cs Without (L. sine) NB bar over sx Average NB bar over x° No eg °temp=no temperature-ve Negative+ve PositiveL. LatinGr. GreekFr. French6/24 Six hours6/7 Six days6/40 Six weeks pregnant (since LMP)6/52 Six weeks6/12 Six months6yrs Six yearsPara 2+1 Two pregnancies beyond 24/40, one before 24/40 NB Micrograms should NOT be abbreviated eg to µg 'And' is abbreviated to & (not +) in this file eg A&E and U&E (not A+E and U+E)áM.A Anaemia.AA Amino acid.AAA Abdominal aortic aneurysm.AB Apex beat.Ab Antibody Abortion.AAC Antibiotic-associated colitis.ABC Airway, breathing, circulation.abd Abdomen.ABE Acute bacterial endocarditis.ABG Arterial blood gases Aortic bifurcation graft.abn Abnormal.ABPA Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.ABVD Doxorubicin (Adryamicin), bleomycin,vinblastine, dacarbazine.ABX Antibiotic.ac Before meals (L. ante cibum).AC Abdominal circumference.ACDF Anterior cervical discectomy (and) fusion.ACE Angiotensin converting enzyme.ACh Acetylcholine.AChE Acetylcholine-esterase.ACL Anterior cruciate ligament.ACLS Advanced cardiac life support.ACS Acute confusional state.ACT Activated clotting time.ACTH Adrenocorticotrophic hormone.ACU Acute care unit.AD Alzheimer's disease.ADH Antidiuretic hormone.ACL Anterior cruciate ligament.ACV Assist control ventilation.ad To, up to.AD Alzheimer's disease.ad lib as desired, freely (L. ad libitum).ADC AIDS dementia complex.ADD Attention deficit disorder.ADL Activities of day living.ADP Adenosine diphosphate.ADR Adverse drug reaction.Adr Adrenaline.A&E Accident and emergency.AEM Ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring.AF Atrial fibrilation Amniotic fluid.AFB Acid-fast bacilli.AFP Alpha-fetoprotein.Ag Antigen.AHA Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.AHP Abnormal head posture.AICD Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator.AID Automatic implantable defibrillator Artificially inseminated by donor.AIDP Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy.AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome.AIT Autologous intraoperative transfusion.AJ Ankle jerk.AKA Above-knee amputation Also known as.Al Aluminium.AL Arterial line.alb Albumin.ALL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.ALP Alkaline phosphatase (.Alk phos).ALT Alanine aminotransferase.ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Advanced life support.AMA Against medical advise.AMI Antibody mediated immunity.AML Acute myeloid leukaemia.AMP Adenosine monophosphate.AMS Acute mountain sickness.AMT Abbreviated mental test.ANA Antinuclear antibody.ANCA Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody.ANF Antinuclear factor.ANLL Acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia.ANS Autonomic nervous system.AOL Activities of (daily) living.AP Action potential Anteroposterior.APACHE Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation.APAG Antipseudomonal aminoglycosidic penicillin.APB Abductor pollicis brevis.APC Antigen presenting cell.APRV Airway pressure release ventilation.APH Antepartum haemorrhage.APS Anti-phospholipid syndrome.APTT Activated partial thromboplastin time.APUD Amine precursor uptake decarboxylase.aq Water.AR Aortic regurgitation.ARC AIDS-related complex.ARD Acute respiratory disease.ARDS Adult respiratory distress syndrome.ARF Acute renal failure.ARM Artificial rupture of membranes.AS Ankylosing spondylitis Aortic stenosis Angelman syndrome.ASA Acetylsalicylic acid American Society of Anesthesiologists.ASAP As soon as possible.ASD Atrial septal defect.ASH Asymetric septal hypertrophy.ASHD Arteriosclerotic heart disease.ASIS Anterior superior iliac spine.ASLO Anti-streptolysin O.ASOT Anti-streptolysin O titre.AST Aspartate aminotransferase.ATC Around the clock.ATLS Advanced trauma life support.ATN Acute tubular necrosis.ATP Adenosine triphosphate.AV Atrioventricular.AVCs Additional voluntary contributions.AVM Arteriovenous malformation.AVN Atrioventricular node Avascular necrosis.AXR Abdominal x-ray (plain).AZT Azidothymidine (Zidovudine)¡G.Ba Barium.BA Blood agar.BAC Blood alcohol concentration.BACOD Bleomycin, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide, vincristine (Oncovin), dexamethasone.BACOP Bleomycin, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide, vincristine (Oncovin), prednisone.BAL Bronchoalveolar lavage Blood alcohol level British anti-lewisite (Dimercaprol).BBB Bundle branch block Blood brain barrier.BBT Basal blood temperature.BCC Basal cell carcinoma.BC Blood culture Birth control.BCG Bacille Calmette-Guérin.BCP Birth control pill.BCR British comparative ratio (INR).BCT Brachiocephalic trunk.bd Twice daily (L. bis die).BDI Birth, development, immunisations.BDZ Benzodiazepine.BE Barium enema Bacterial endocarditis Base excess.BEAM Brain electrical activity mapping.BEE Basal energy expenditure.BET Benign essential tremor.bHCG Beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin.BHL Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy.bid Twice a day (L. bis in die).bin Twice a night (L. bis in noctus).BKA Below-knee amputation.BLS Basic life support.BM Bowel movement Boehringer Mannheim (glucose test) Bone marrow Basement membrane.BMA British Medical Assosiation.BMG Bedside monitoring of glucose.BMI Body mass index.BMJ British medical journal.BMR Basal metabolic rate.BMT Bone marrow transplant.BNF British national formulary.BO Bowels opened.BOC British Oxygen Company.BOR Bowels opened regularly.BP Blood pressure Brachial plexus British Pharmacopoeia.BPD Biparietal diameter.BPH Benign prostatic hypertrophy.bpm Beats per minute.BR Bed rest.BS Blood sugar Breath sounds.BSA Body surface area.BSE Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.BSO Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.BSV Breath sounds vesicular (normal) Binocular single vision.BT Bleeding time.BTL Bilateral tubal ligation.BU Blood urea.BUDU Bromovinyldeoxyuridine.BUN Blood urea nitrogen.BV Blood vessel Blood volume.BW Body weight.Bx Biopsy.BXO Balanitis xerotica obliteranszO.c With (L. cum).Ca Carcinoma Calcium.CA Carbonic anhydrase.CA19-9 Cancer-associated Ag 19-9 (pancreatic Ca).CA125 Cancer-associated Ag 125 (ovarian Ca).CABG Coronary artery bypass graft.CAD Coronary artery disease.CAF Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), 5-fluoruracil.CAH Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate.cap Capsule (L. capsula).CAPD Continuous ambullatory peritoneal dialysis.CAT Computerised axial tomography.CAV Cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin (Adriamicin), vincristine.CAVH Continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration.CAVS Calcific aortic valve stenosis.CB Chronic bronchitis.CBC Complete blood cell count.CBD Common bile duct.CBE Clinical breat examination.CC Creatinine clearance Chief complaint.CCCC Closed-chest cardiac compression.CCF Congestive cardiac failure.CCI Chronic coronary insufficiency.CCr Creatinine clearance.CCU Coronary care unit.CCV Coronary care unit.CD Cluster designation Controlled drug Crohn's disease.CDCA Chenodeoxycholic Acid.CDH Congenital displacement of the hip.CDK Cyclin-dependant kinase.CDT Clostridium difficile toxin.C&E Creatinine and electrolytes.CEA Carcino-embryonic antigen.CEO Common extensor origin.CF Clotting factor Coagulation factor Cystic fibrosis Cardiac failure Complement fixation Conversion factor.CFC Colony forming cell Chlorofluorocarbon.CFO Common flexor origin.CFC Complement fixation test.CGD Chronic granulomatous disease.CGH Chorionic gonadotrphin.CGL Chronic granulocytic (myelogeous) leukaemia.ChB Batchelor of Surgery (L. Chirurgiae Baccalaureus).CHB Complete heart block.CHC Child health clinic.CHD Coronary heart disease Congenital heart disease.CHF Congestive heart failure.CHOP Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine (Oncovin), prednisone.CI Contraindication Cardiac index.CIBD Chronic inflammatory bowel disease.CIC Cardiac inhibitory centre.CIE Counter-current immuno-electrophoresis.CIN Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.CIS Carcinoma in situ.CJD Creutzfeld-Jakob disease.CK Creatine kinase.CK-MB Creatine kinase myoglobin bound (cardiac isoenzyme).Cl Clubbing.CL Corpus luteum (L.yellow body").CLL Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.CLO-test Campylobacter-like organism test (For Helicobacter pylori).CM Costal margin.CME Continued medical education.CMF Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluoracil.CMI Cell-mediated immunity.CML Chronic myeloid leukaemia.CMV Cytomegalovirus Controlled mechanical ventilation.CN Cranial nerve Cyanide.CNS Central nervous system.c/o Complaining of.CO Carbon monoxide Cardiac output.COAD Chronic obstructive airways disease.COC Combined oral contraceptive.COMLA Cyclophosphamide, vincristine (Oncovin), methotrexate, leucovorin, cytosine arabinoside.COP Colloid oncotic pressure.COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.COX Cyclo-oxygenase.CP Contaceptive pill Cor pulmonale.CPAP Continuous positive airway pressure.CPD Cigarettes per day.CPK Creatine phosphokinase.CPN Community psychiatric nurse.CPR Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation Central pressure receptor.CRB Chain recombinant bacteria.CRC Colorectal carcinoma.CRF Chronic renal failure.CRH Corticotropin releasing hormone.CRL Crownrump length.CRM Circus re-entry movements.CRP C-reactive protein.CS Caesarian section Ortho-chlorobenzal malononitrile (US inventors, Ben Carson and Roger Staughton).CSE Combined spinal epidural.CSF Cerebrospinal fluid.CSM Committee on Safety of Medicines.CSU Catheter sample of urine.CT Computerised (axial) tomography Connective tissue Calcitonin.CTCL Cutaneous Tcell lymphoma.CTG Cardiotocograph.CTR Cardiothoracic ratio.CTS Carpal tunnel syndrome.CTZ Chemoreceptor trigger zone.CUSA Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspiration.CV Cirriculum vitae.CVA Cerebrovascular accident.CVD Cardiovascular disease.CVP Central venous pressure.CVS Cardiovascular system.Cx Cervix.CXR Chest X-Ray.Cy CyanosisñG.DAG Diacylglycerol.DAT Diet as tolerated.dB Decibel.DBIL Direct bilirubin.DBP Diastolic blood pressure.D&C Dilatation and curettage.DCIS Ductal carcinoma in situ (of breast).DCLA Day case local anaesthetic.DCT Distal convoluted tubule.DDAVP DeaminoDarginine vasopressin (desmopressin).D&E Dilatation and evacuation.DEET Diethyl toluamide.DES Diethylstibestrol.DF Dihydrocodeine (DF-118).DFA Direct fluorescent antibody.DFU Dead fetus in utero.DG Dysalgesic.DGH District general hospital.DGI Disseminated gonococcal infection.DH Delayed hypersensitivity.DHR Dihydrofolate reductase.DHS Dynamic hip screw.DI Diabetes insipidus Donor insemination.DIC Disseminated intravascular coagulation.DICI Direct intracytoplasmic injection.DIP Distal interphalangeal.DIT Di-iodinated tyrosine.DJD Degenerative joint disease.DKA Diabetic ketoacidosis.dl Decilitre.DLE Drug-related lupus erythematosus Discoid lupus erythematosus.DM Diabetes mellitus Dermatomyostis.DMD Duchenne muscular dystrophy.DMFO Eflornithine.DMO District medical officer.DMPP Dimethylphenylpiperazinium.DMSA Dimercaptosuccinic acid.DMSO Dimethyl sulphoxide.DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Did not attend.DNP Dinitrophenyl.DNR Do not resuscitate.DNS Deviated nasal septum.DOA Dead on arrival Date of admission Drugs of abuse.DOB Date of birth.DOD Date of death.DoH Department of health.DP Dorsalis pedis.DPG Diphosphoglycerate.DPL Diagnostic peritoneal lavage.DPT Diphteria, pertussis, tetanus.DR Delivery room Dissecting room.DRG Diagnostic related group.D&S Dilatation and suction.DSA Digital subtraction angiography.DSCG Disodium cromoglycate.DSD Dry sterile dressing.DSR Dynamic spatial reconstruction.DT Diphteria tetanus Dilerium tremens.DTIC Dacarbazine.DTR Deep tendon reflex.DU Duodenal ulcer.DUB Disfuncional uterine bleeding.DVLA Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency.DVT Deep venous thrombosis.D&V Diarrhoea and vomiting.D/W Discussed with.Dx Diagnosis.DXM Dexamethasone.DXT Deep radiotherapy1G.EAM External auditory meatus.EAR Estimated average requirement.EBL Estimated blood loss.EBM Evidence based medicine.EBV Epstein-Barr virus.EBW Expected birth weight.EC Enteric coated.ECF Eosinophil chemotactic factor Extra cellular fluid.ECG Electrocardiogram (US-.EKG).Echo Echocardiogram.ECM Erythaema chroniucum migrans.ECT Electroconvulsive therapy.ECV Extracellular volume.EDC Estimate date of confinement.EDD Estimate date of delivery.EDH Extradural haematoma.EDM End diastolic murmur.EDP End-diastolic pressure.EDTA Ethylene diamine tetra-acetate.EEG Electroencephalogram.EEL External elastic lamina.EF Ejection fraction.EFM Electronic fetal monitoring.EGF Epidermal growth factor.EHEC Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli.EIA Electroimmunoassay.EIEC Enteroinvasive E.coli.ELISA Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay.EM Electron microscope.EMD Electromechanical dissociation.EMG Electromyogram.EMLA Eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics.EMP Enzyme modified pork (insulin).EMS Early morning stiffness.EMU Early morning urine.EMW Early morning waking.ENT Ears, nose and throat.EOM Extraocular movements.EP Ectopic pregnancy.EPEC Enteropathogenic E.coli.EPI Echo plane imaging Epinephrine (adrenaline).EPO Erythropoietin.EPS Extrapyramidal symptoms.EPSP Excitatory post synaptic potential.ER Emergency room (USA) Endoplasmic reticulum.ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.ERS Evacuation retained secundines.ESM Ejection systolic murmur.ESR Erythocyte sedimentation rate.ESRD End-stage renal disease.ESV End systolic volume.ESWL Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.ET Endotracheal (tube) End tidal (pressure).ETT Endotracheal tube Exercise tolerence test.ETEC Enterotoxigenic E.coli.EUA Examination under anaesthetic.EVD Extraventricular drain.EVS Extra vascular space&E.F Fluoride.FA Fredrick's ataxia.FAB French, American, British (classif. of AML).FAD Flavine adenine dinucleotide.FAP Familial adenomatous polyposis.FAS Fetal alcohol syndrome.FB Finger breadth Foreign body.FBC Full blood count.FBG Fasting blood glucose.FBS Fasting blood sugar.FDP Fibrin degradation product.Fe Iron.FEC Fetal egg child.FEV1 Forced expiratory volume (in 1 second).FF Force fluids.FFA Free fatty acid.FFD Fixed flexion deformity First field dressing.FFP Fresh frozen plasma.FH Family history.FHM Fetal heart monitor.FHR Fetal heart rate.FI Fraction inspired (pressure).FIGO International federation of gynaecology & obstetrics.FMF Fetal movements felt Familial mediterranean fever.FMN Flavine mononucleotide.FNA Fine needle aspiration.FOB Faecal occult blood.FOS Fiber-optic sigmoidoscopy.FP False positive.FPA Family Planning Association.FRC Functional residual capacity.FROEM Full range of eye movements.FROM Full range of movement.FS Frozen section.FSH Follicle stimulating hormone.FT Full-term.FTA-ABS Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbed.FTNVD Full-term, normal vaginal delivery.FTI Free thyroxine index.FTT Failure to thrive.FU Follow up.FUO Fever of undetermined origin.FVC Forced vital capacity.FWB Full weight bearing.Fx Fracture (#) Family@.g Gram.Ga Gallium.GA General anesthesia.GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid.GAD Glutamic acid decardoxylase.GAG Glycosaminoglycans.GALT Gut-associated lymphoid tissue.GB Gallbladder.GBM Glomerular basement membrane.GC Glucocorticoid Gonococcus.GCA Giant cell arteritis.GCS Glasgow coma scale.GE Gastroenterology.GFR Glomerular filtration rate.GGT Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.GH Growth hormone.GHB Gamma-hydroxybutyrate.GHRH Growth hormone releasing hormone.GI Gastrointestinal.GIFT Gamete intrafallopian transfer.GIP Gastric inhibitory polypeptide.GIT Gastro-intestinal tract.GKI Glucose, potassium and insulin.GMC General Medical Council.GN Glomerulonephritis.GnRH Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.GORD Gastroeosphageal reflux disease.G6PD G~Álucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.GP General practitioner.G&S Group aand save.GSS Gerstmann-Straussler-Schneinker syndrome.GST Glutathione-S-transferase.GSW Gun shot wound.GT Glutamyl transferase.GTN Glyceryl trinitrite.GTT Glucose tolerence test.GU Genitourinary Gastric ulcer.GUS Genitourinary system.GUM Genitourinary medicine.GVHD Graft-versus-host disease.Gy GrayµG.h Hour.H/A Headache.HACO High-altitude cerebral oedema.HAGMA High ion gap metabolic acidosis.HAPO High-altitude pulmonary oedema.HAS Human albumin solution.HAV Hepatitis A virus.Hb Haemoglobin.HB Heart block.HBcAg Hepatitis B core antigen.HBsAg Hepatitis B surface antigen.HBIG Hepatitis B immune globulin.HBO Hyperbaric oxygen.HBP High blood pressure.HBsAg Hepatitis B surface antigen.HBV Hepatitis B virus.HCG Human chorionic gonadotrphin.HCO3- Bicarbonate.hCS Human chorionic somatotrophin.Hct Haematocrit.HCV Hepatitis C virus.HD Hodgkin's disease Huntington's disease Hospital discharge.HDL High density lipoprotein.HDN Haemolytic disease of the newborn.HDON Haemolytic disease of the newborn.HDU High dependency unit.HDV Hepatitis D virus.H&E Haematoxylin and eosin.HELLP Haemolysis, Elevated-Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count.Hep Hepatitis.HES Hypereosinophilic syndrome.HF Heart failure.Hg Mercury (L. hydrargyrum).hGH Human growth hormone.HHT Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.HHV Human herpes virus.Hib Haemophilus influenzae B vaccine.HIDA Hepatic immunodeficiency virus.HIV Human immunodeficiency virus.HIVD Herniated intervertebral disc.HLA Human leukocyte-associated Ag.HMG CoA Hydroxymethylglutamyl coenzyme A.HNP Herniated nucleus pulposus.H/O History of.HO House officer.HOCM Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.HOH Hard of hearing.HONK Hyperosmotic natraemia and kalaemia.HORF High-output renal failure.HPC History of presenting complaint.HPCR High pressure chronic retention.HPOA Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy.HPV Human papillomavirus.HR Heart rate.HRS Hepatorenal syndrome.HRT Hormone replacement therapy.hs Bedtime (L. hora somni).HS Heart sounds.HSE Health and Safety Executive.HSP Henoch-Schönlein purpura.HSV Herpes vimplex virus.Ht Haematocrit (=PCV) Height.HT Hypertension.HTLV Human T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma virus.HUS Haemolytic uraemic syndrome.Hx HistoryrG.I Iodine.IAP Intraabdominal pressure.IAT Intra-operative autotransfusion.IBC Iron-binding capacity.IBD Inflammatory bowel disease.IBS Irritable bowel syndrome.ICA Islet cell Ab.ICC Intensive coronary care.ICD International classification of diseases.ICE Ideas, concerns, expectations.ICF Intracellular fluid.ICN Intensive care nursery.ICP Intracranial pressure.ICS Intercostal space.ICSI Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection.ICU Intensive care unit.ID Identification Intradermal.IDA Iron deficiency anaemia.IDDM Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.IDU Intravenous drug user.IEL Internal elastic lamina.IF Intrinsic factor.IFA Immunofluorescent assay.IFN Interferon.Ig Immunoglobulin.IGT Impaired glucose tolerence.IH Inguinal hernia.IHD Ischaemic heart disease.IHSS Idiopathic hypertophic subaortic stenosis.IL Interleukin.ILD Interstitial lung disease.IM Intramuscular Intramedullary.IMB Inter-menstrual bleeding.IMD Inherited metabolic disorder.INH Isoniazid.inj Injection.INO Internuclear ophthalmoplegia.INR Internationalised normalised ratio (prothrombin ratio).IOL Induction of labour.IOP Intraocular pressure.IP3 Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate.IPPV Intermittent positive pressure ventilation.IPSP Inhibitory post-synaptic potential.IQ Intelligence quotient.IR Infrared.IRMA Immunoradiometric assay.ISC Intermittent self-catheterisation.ISDN Isosorbide dinitate.ISMN Isosorbide mononitate.ISO Isoprenaline.ISQ No change (L. In status quo).ITP Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.ITU Intensive therapy unit.IU International units.IUCD Intrauterine contraceptive device.IUGR Intrauterine growth retardation.IV Intravenous.IVC Inferior vena cava.IVDU Intravenous drug user.IVF In vitro fertilisation.IVI Intravenous infusion.IVP Intravenous pyelogram.IVRA Intravenous regional anaesthesia.IVT Intravenous transfusion.IVU Intravenous urogram¹E.l Litres.L Left Lymphadenopathy.LA Local anaesthetic Left atrium.lac Laceration.LAD Left axis deviation Left anteror descending (coronary artery).LAH Left atrial hypertophy.LAHB Left anterior hemiblock.LAK Lymphokine activated killer cell.LAP Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase.lap Laparotomy.LATS Long acting thyroid stimulator.LBBB Left bundle branch block.LBW Low birth weight.LCL Lateral collateral ligament (of knee).LCMV Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.LD Legionnaires' disease.LD50 Lethal dose (that will kills 50% of subjects).LDH Lactate dehydrogenase.LDL Low density lipoprotein.LFT Liver function test.LH Luteinising hormone.Li Lithium.LIF Left iliac fossa.LIMA Left internal mammary artery.LKKSB Liver, kidney, kidney, spleen, bladder.LKT Leukotrienes.LL Lower limb.LLL Left lower lobe.LLQ Left lower quadrant.LMA Laryngeal mask airway.LMN Lower motor neurone.LMP Last menstrual period.LMS Left main stem (coronary a.).LMWH Low molecular weight heparin.LOC Loss of consciousness.LP Lumbar puncture.LPHB Left posterior hemiblock.LPS Lipopolysaccharide.LQ Laterality quotient (handedness).LRTI Lower respiratory tract infection.LSB Left sternal border.LSCS Lower segment caesarian section.LSD Lysergic acid diethylamide.LT Long term.LUL Left upper lobe.LUQ Left upper quadrant.LUSCS Lower uterine segment Caesarian section.LV Left ventricle.LVF Left ventricular failure.LVH Left ventricular hypertrophy?J.MAb Monoclonal antibody.MAC Mycobacterium avium complex Minimum aveolar concentration.mAChR Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.MAF Macrophage activating factor.MAFAT Mandatory anaesthetic fuck about time.MAHA Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia.MALT Mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue.mane In the morning (L. morning).MAO Monoamine oxidase.MAOI Monoamine oxidase inhibitor.MAP Mean arterial pressure.MASH Mobile army surgical hospital.MAT Multi-focal atrial tachycardia.MAU Medical assessment unit.MB Bachelor of Medicine (L. Medicini Baccalaureus).MBC Minimum bactericidal concentration.MC Mineralocorticoid.MCA Middle cerebral artery Medicines Control Agency.mcg Microgram.MCH Mean cell haemoglobin.MCHC Mean cell haemoglobin concentration.MCL Midclavicular line Medial collateral ligament (of knee).MCP Metacarpophalangeal.MC&S Microscopy, culture & sensitivity.MCTD Mixed connective tissue disease.MCU Micturating cysto-urethrography.MCV Mean cell volume.MD L.Medicinae doctor.MDI Metered dose inhaler.MDM Mid-diastolic murmur.MDMA 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstacy).MDU Medical Defence Union.ME Myalgic encephalomyelitis.MEN Multiple endocrine neoplasia.MESA Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration.MET Maximum exercise test.mg Milligram.Mg Magnesium.MG Myasthenia gravis.MGF Maternal grandfather.MGM Maternal grandmother.MH Malignant hyperthermia.MHC Major histocompatibility complex.MI Myocardial infarction.MIC Minimum inhibitory concentration.MIF Macrophage inhibition factor.MIT Mono-iodinated tyrosine.ml Millilitre.ML Malignant lymphoma.MM Malignant melanoma.mmHg Millimetres of mercury.MMR Measles, mumps and rubella.MMSE Mini-mental state examination.MND Motor neurone disease.MO Medical officer Microorganism.MOF Multiple organ failure.MOM Milk of magnesia.MPGN Membrane proliferative glomerulonephritis.MPL Mid-pupillary line.MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.MR Magnetic resonance (imaging) Mitral regurgitation Modified release.MRI Magnetic resonance imaging.MRS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy.MRSA Methacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.MS Multiple sclerosis Mitral stenosis .MSH Melanocyte-stimulating hormone.MSK Medullary sponge kidney Musculoskeletal.MSOF Multisystem organ failure.MSSU Mid-stream sample of urine.MST Morphine sulphate.MSU Mid steam urine (sample) Monosodium urate.MTC Minimum toxic concentration Medullary thyroid carcinoma.MTP Metatarsophalangeal.MTX Methotrexate.MUA Manipulation under anaesthetic.MV Minute volume.MVP Mitral valve prolapse.MW Molecular weightÑF.Na Sodium (L. natrium).NA Noradrenaline.nAChR Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.NAD No abnormalities discovered Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.NADP Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.NAGMA Normal ion gap metabolic acidosis.NAI Non-accidental injury.NAS No added sodium.NAT Negative automatic thoughts.NB nota bene (L. note well) Newborn.NBM Nil by mouth.ND Notifiable disease Natural death.NEC Necrotising enterocolitis.NEJM New England Journal of Medicine.NETT Nasal endotracheal tube.NF Neurofibromatosis.NFR Not for resuscitation.NG Nasogastric.NGT Nasogastric tube.NGU Nongonococcal urethritis.NHL Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.NI Nonionised.NIBP Noninvasive blood pressure (ie with a pressure cuff).NICE National Institute for Clinical Excellence.NIDDM Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.NIPPV Nasal inspiratory positive pressure ventilation.NK Natural killer.NKA No known allergy.NKDA No known drug allergy.NLMC Nocturnal leg muscle cramping.NM Neuromuscular.NMA Neuromuscular atrophy.NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartic acid.NMJ Neuromuscular junction.NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance.nocte Night.NNH Number needed to harm.NNS Number needed to screen.NNT Number needed to treat.NOF Neck of femur.NOS Not otherwise specified.NP Proper name.NPH Normal pressure hydrocephalus.NPN Non-protein nitrogen.NPO Nil by mouth (L. nil per os).NPS Natriuretic peptide system.NR Normal range.NREM Non-rapid eye movement.NS Normal saline.NSAID Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.NSCLC Non-small cell lung carcinoma.NSR Normal sinus rhythm.NSU Non-specific urethritis.NTG Nitroglycerin.NTP Normal, temperature and pressure.nunc Now (L. nunc).N&V Nausea and vomiting.NVD Normal vaginal deliveryFBÿÿ\:M$-Medical Acronyms and Abbreviations-4-Symbols and Signs-ð.Aá .B¡.C z.D ñ.E 1.F &.G {.Hµ.Ir .J{.J Jaundice.JAMA Journal of the American Medical Asssosiation.JGA Juxtaglomerular apparatus.JVP Jugular venous pressure .KÎ.K Potassium (L. kalium).K4 Forth Korotkoff sound.K5 Fifth Korotkoff sound.KCCT Kaolin cephalin clotting time.kg Kilogram.kPa KiloPascal.KJ Knee jerk.KS Kaposi's sarcoma.KUB Kidney, ureter, bladder.L¹.M? .NÑ